会话修补的认知研究  

A Cognitive Insight into Speech Repair

作　　者：姚剑鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学外国语学院,上海200240

出　　处：《外语教学》2005年第3期1-6,共6页Foreign Language Education

摘　　要：自然言语的在线性(onlinenature)决定了它不可能做到像书面语那样流畅和正确,而是充满着言语错误和迟疑、停顿、重复、沉默、修补等不流畅语流或间断语流(disfluency),成为心理语言学、认知语言学、计算语言学、神经语言学等学科研究言语产生、理解的对象。西方语言学利用语误和语料库乃至计算机技术对自然言语进行了长达百年之久的研究,建立了不少模型和理论,揭示了不少人类言语产生和理解的心理认知规律,也推动了对语误修补的研究。这集中表现为对修补的社会语言学和语言学的研究、对修补的实验研究和利用计算机进行修补结构建构、范围界定、监控、提示语、音、韵、调和统计以及形式等方面的研究。然而,从认知视角研究会话修补仍不多见。本文从会话修补的定义入手,讨论了Levelt等人的自我监控和自我修补等理论,揭示了自我修补各阶段的认知和元认知特征,修正了会话修补定义,认为修补是一个复杂的有章可循的心理认知过程,有其研究价值。The on-line nature of human spontaneous speech gives rise to speech errors and disfluencies typical of hesitation, pause, silence, repetition, repair, etc. It has invited the attention of psycholinguistics, cognitive linguistics, computational linguistics, neurolingustics and etc. which have, since the century last, exerted enormous efforts in the research on the speech by dint of speech errors and corpora, endeavoring to unveil the nature of human speech production and comprehension. With assiduous efforts, researchers have established many models of speech production and theories as well and laid bare many a rule concerning the speech, linguistically, psychologically and cognitively. The research has also boosted the study of speech repair. As known, researchers have made a wide scope of study on the internal structuring, monitoring, cue phrase, boundary delimitation, phonological, prosodic and intonational features concerning the repair from the perspective of linguistics, sociolinguistics, empirical experiments and computational statistics, yet the cognitive approach is still barren as indicated in the definition of the repair. Therefore, the present paper, starting with the discussion of repair internal structure, intends to make a tentative study on the repair, this time self-repair, from the cognitive perspective in the light of Levelt's theories on self-monitoring and self-repair, endeavoring to reveal the cognitive and metacognitive features in the stages of self-monitoring, repair planning and self repair and correct the definition. The paper concludes that speech repair is in itself a complex psychological and cognitive process in which speakers and hearers employ their metacognitive abilities to monitor, solve and conduct the repair during which cognitive activities are involved. Besides, the paper points out that the repair is rule-governed and merits our due attention.

关 键 词：间断语流 语误 会话修补 自我修补 内部结构 自我监控 暂停 重复 元认知 认知 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]