外显知识对运动技能内隐学习的影响  

A Review of Effects of Explicit Knowledge on Implicit Motor Learning

作　　者：温菲[1] 张智君[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学心理与行为科学系,杭州310028

出　　处：《应用心理学》2005年第2期138-142,148,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied Psychology

摘　　要：总结了近年来关于外显知识对运动技能内隐学习影响的研究。提出外显知识对内隐学习存在影响,但其作用的大小及其性质取决于外显知识的呈现时间、内容、内隐规则的可觉察程度、认知负荷以及压力等因素。提供外显知识既可能有利于任务的完成,也可能激发与任务规则无关的注意过程,阻碍内隐学习。外显知识可影响行为,却不一定能被有意识地提取。外显知识对学习者的认知过程和动作模式均会产生影响。Many studies on implicit motor learning were reviewed and summarized in this paper.It was proposed that explicit knowledge could influence implicit motor learning.The degree and kinds of influence varied,however,dependently on time and content of such explicit knowledge given,distinctness of implicit rules,cognitive load and pressure.Explicit knowledge might not only be propitious to completion of tasks,but also inspire attentive process unrelated to the tasks in hand,disturbing implicit learning.Explicit knowledge could affect behavior,but not be necessarily conscious and retrieved.Explicit knowledge had an important impact both on learner’s cognitive processes and motor patterns.

关 键 词：运动技能 内隐学习 外显知识 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]