植被生态需水研究进展及展望  

Progress and Perspectives on Ecological Water Requirement of Vegetation

作　　者：何永涛[1] 闵庆文[1] 李文华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《资源科学》2005年第4期8-13,共6页Resources Science

基　　金：国家"973"项目(编号:2002CB111506)。

摘　　要：生态需水研究是目前生态学和水文学、水资源学研究的热点领域。植被生态需水研究不仅是其中的重要研究内容,而且对于指导区域植被生态恢复与生态建设也具有重要意义。本文在调研有关研究文献的基础上,对植被生态需水的概念与内涵、计算方法进行了分析。认为植被生态需水是指为了保证植被生态系统能够健康维持,并确保其生态服务功能得到正常发挥而必须消耗的一部分水量。在区域植被生态需水量的计算中,最关键的是对单位面积、单位时间内某一植被类型生态需水定额的确定,目前常用的计算方法多是基于农业气象学原理的直接计算法。In recent years, ecological water requirement has been a new and “hot” field in ecology, hydrology and water resources. Of this field, research on vegetation’s ecological requirement is not only one of the main issues but also plays an important role in guiding regional vegetation ecological restoration and ecological construction. In this paper, based on review of relevant literatures, the concept, connotation and calculation method of vegetation ecological water requirement were summarized. Vegetation’s ecological water requirement can be defined as the essential water consumption used to maintain and improve vegetation ecosystem health and to ensure its normal ecological services. In general, the calculation of vegetation’s ecological water requirement in some region can be divided into three steps: the first one is to determine vegetation’s type and coverage areas; the second one is to determine the ecological water quota of different vegetation types; the last step is to estimate total water requirement based on the above. There are two calculation methods: one is so-called direct calculation method and the other is so-called indirect method. The former, more general applied at present, is the product of vegetation coverage and water requirement quota. Quota determination, which can be expressed by the evapotranspiration of vegetation in growing season, is the base and key step in calculation of vegetation’s ecological water requirement, and determined according to the principle of agrometeorology. To research on vegetation’s ecological water requirement, the following two aspects should be stressed: one is further to research about physiological and ecological mechanism of vegetation’s water consumption so as to perfect the calculation, and the other is further to study the water consumption laws of different types of vegetation so as to provide the foundation of calculating the ecological demand of different vegetation types.

关 键 词：研究进展 展望 植被生态系统 生态服务功能 区域植被 计算方法 生态需水量 直接计算法 气象学原理 热点领域 水资源学 研究内容 生态建设 生态恢复 单位面积 植被类型 水文学 生态学 位时间 健康 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学] TP751.2[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]