甘蓝型油菜与埃塞俄比亚芥种间可交配性的胚胎学研究  

Embryological Researches on Interspecific Crossability of Brassica napus L. and B. carinata Braun

作　　者：刘兴梁[1] 孟金陵[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学生物系,北京100871 [2]华中农业大学农学系,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《作物学报》1995年第4期385-390,T001,共7页Acta Agronomica Sinica

摘　　要：在甘蓝型油菜×埃塞俄比亚芥中,杂种胚乳不甚发育并提前形成细胞,杂种胚发育缓慢,消耗早育的胚乳组织后便停滞在心形期或鱼雷形期.反交时胚乳早期发育旺盛,但在发育中期不能形成细胞并逐渐退化解体;杂种胚从原胚阶段即有退化现象发生,并可持续到鱼雷形期,胚退化时常伴有胚柄细胞的解体.甘蓝型油菜母本基因型对杂交的生殖过程有显著影响.对受精的影响表现在其柱头与异种花粉的亲和性不同,以Rucabo作母本时表现与反交相似的高亲和性和高受精率.以84014A作母本时近半的胚珠中发生体质不育现象.而华油8号作母本时产生的杂种胚和胚乳在后期的发育相对正常,可形成少量有生命力的杂种种子.文中提出通过杂交重组创造出种间受精率高,又具结实潜力的“桥梁品系”,以经济有效地克服甘蓝型油菜与埃塞俄比亚芥杂交的不可交配性.In crosses of B. napus×B.carinata, the hybrid endosperm developed unsuffic-iently and became cellular precociously, the hybrid embryo developed slowly and stopped at the heart or torpedo stage after exhausting the precociously developed endosperm tissue. In the recip-rocal cross, the endosperm developed sufficiently at the early stage, but it could not become cellular and disintergrated at the middle stage. The hybrid embryo with disintegrated suspensor cells aborted from the proembryo stage to the torpedo-shaped stage. Different genotgpe of B. napus as the maternal parents showed significant effects on the reproductive procedure of the interspecific hybrids and their effects on fertilization were mainly determined by the compatibility differences of pollen-pistil interactions. Similar to the reciprocal cross, the compatibility and fertilization rate were higher when the variety Rucabo was used as the maternal parent. Somatoplastic sterility ap-peared in half of the ovules in the cross 84014A × Dodolla, but the hybrid embryo and endosperm developed normally and a few vigorous hybrid seeds were abtained when Hua You 8 was used as the female parent. It was suggested that bridge lines with higher rates of interspecific fertilization and seed set could be produced through hybridization and recombination, then the incrossability between B. napus and B. carinata could be overcome effectively and economically.

关 键 词：甘蓝型油菜 埃塞俄比亚芥 种间杂交 胚胎学 

分 类 号：S565.403.5[农业科学—作物学]