西安市城区重点中学2002～2004年度高中一年级学生动态眼屈光状况的横断面流行病学调查  

The cross-sectional study of dynamic refractive status in Xi'an city urban school students of grade 1 in senior middle school

作　　者：石一宁[1] 宋国玲[2] 杜晓琨[2] 王懿[2] 

机构地区：[1]西安市中心医院眼科 [2]西安市中心医院视光学研究所

出　　处：《临床眼科杂志》2005年第4期349-352,共4页Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology

基　　金：西安市科技局社会发展基金(SF200319)

摘　　要：目的 对在校中学生眼健康状况的基本情况进行调查，为青少年眼保健提供基础资料。方法 采用前瞻性调查设计，对高一学生眼眼压、动态眼屈光状态等指标进行采集，输入编辑的专项应用程序，用SPSS11．0软件行统计分析。结果 高一学生(平均年龄16岁)在正常动态情况下，近视眼的患病率93．8％，其中低度近视为46．4％，中度近视34％，高度近视13．4％，正视眼4．0％，远视眼2．1％。平均屈光度为(-3．29±2．49)D，其中低度近视平均(-1．79±0．75)屈光度(D)，中度近视平均(-4．34±0．88)D，高度近视平均(-7．77±1．46)D。较初一年级相比，男女生屈光度数之间、左右眼远视组有显著性差异，左右眼之间已无显著性差异，各近视组度数明显增加。结论高中一年级学生这一人群的的屈光度状态较初一已发生了质的变化，与初三、高三的各项指标近似，提示初中三年级的屈光发育对以后的近视发展具有重要的意义；初三各项指标均高于高一这一结果提示，高中升学考试对学生的屈光状态有着一定的影响，也间接证明过度近距离用眼导致眼过度调节，形成调节性(假性)近视，这种近视可通过长时间的休息得到一定缓解和恢复原有屈光度。提示应针对高中一年级学生这一人群的用眼状态采取综合、简易的手段，对其近视度数进行医疗干预。Objective To abtain the basic data of eyes＇ refractive status, especially the myopia prevalence rate in Xi＇an city middle school students. Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted in the whole students of one Xi＇an city middle school . The object ophthalmic examinations were done on all participants which included non-cycloplegic objective refraction, visual acuity, ocular pressure, fudus evaluation by special trained ophthalmologists and nurses. The special designed inventory scale was filled in and input special computer programme, then the data were statistically analyzed with SPSS11.0. Results In the first grade of senior midlle school, average age of 16 years old ,the prevalence rate of myopia was 93.8%, including low myopia 46.4%, moderate myopia 34%, high myopia 13.4%, emmetropia 4.0%, hypermetropia 2.1%. The average diopter of spherical equivalent refraction was （-3.29±2.49）D, in which, low myopia （-1.79±0.75）D, moderate myopia（-4.34±0. 88）D, high myopia（-7. 77±1.46）D. Compared with the junior of grade 1,the degree of myopia in girls（-3.57±2.42）D and right eyes （-3.45±2.39）D were higher than in boys （-3.02±2.53）D and left eyes （-3.14±2.58）D respectively. Conclusion There are significant differences between the junior and senior middle school students in the severity of myopias. Interventions of myopia progression should be performed to retard the myopia progression and try to reduce the prevalence of myopia.

关 键 词：西安市 城区学校 重点中学 2002-2004年 高中学生 动态眼屈光 横断面 流行病学 

分 类 号：G637.8[文化科学—教育学]