小麦产量和品质对灌浆期不同阶段低光照强度的响应  

RESPONSE OF WHEAT YIELDS AND QUALITY TO LOW LIGHT INTENSITY AT DIFFERENT GRAIN FILLING STAGES

作　　者：李永庚[1] 于振文[2] 梁晓芳[2] 赵俊晔[2] 邱希宾[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所植被数量生态学重点实验室,北京100093 [2]山东农业大学农学院

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2005年第5期807-813,共7页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30200165和30471026)项目

摘　　要：在田间池栽条件下,分别于小麦(品种:‘济南17’和‘鲁麦21’)(Triticumaestivumcv.‘Jinan17’and‘Lumai21’)灌浆的前期(开花后1～10d),中期(11～20d)和后期(21～30d)进行了遮去50%光合有效辐射的试验,研究了产量和品质的变化及其生理原因。主要结论如下:1)弱光条件下,光合物质生产均受到严重抑制,产量下降,容重降低;植株的氮素积累量减少、向子粒分配的比例低,但子粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量升高,其中,子粒灌浆前期遮光升高的幅度最大。2)遮光后小麦子粒麦谷蛋白和醇溶蛋白含量均升高,但麦谷蛋白升高的幅度大于醇溶蛋白,使麦谷蛋白与醇溶蛋白的比例升高,麦谷蛋白大聚合体(GMP)含量也升高,粉质仪参数也显著提高;子粒灌浆前期或中期遮光对上述指标的影响则较小,子粒品质的形成与灌浆后期的光照条件关系更为密切。3)灌浆期相对较弱的光照强度对改善品质有利,但以降低产量为代价,两个品种的小麦所表现出的趋势基本一致。Changes in the yields and quality, and the physiological response of wheat （ Triticum aestivum cv. ‘Ji＇nan17＇ and ＇Lumai21＇） grown under low light intensities （50% PPFD） at different flling stages were studied. Wheat was planted in 2.5 m × 2.0 m plots. The plots were shaded with white fabric that filtered 50% PPFD during three different filling stages： 1 - 10, 11 - 20, and 21 - 30 days after anthesis. Protein accumulation rate, nitrogen accumulation and distribution, kernel weight and yield, test weight, protein composition, protein content, wet gluten content, glutenin macropolymer （GMP） content, starch and protein quality were measured. The results showed that under 50% PPFD, wheat yield and test weight deceased sharply （p 〈 0.05）, less nitrogen was distributed to kernels （p 〈 0.05）, but protein content and wet gluten content increased significantly （p 〈 0.05）, especially at the early filling stage. At the late filling stage, gliadin and glutenin content, glutenin macropolymer （GMP） content and glutenin/gliadin index increased significantly （p 〈 0.05）. Thus, farinogram parameters, such as water absorption and dough stability time, improved at low light intensities （p 〈 0.05）. However, these parameters changed only slightly during the early and middle filling stages （p 〉 0.05）, which suggested that the late filling stage is an important stage during which light intensity influences protein quality. Shading or lower light intensity improved wheat quality, but yields decreased sharply, especially during the early grain filling stage. The two varieties, ＇Ji＇ nan17＇ and ＇Lumai21＇, showed similar responses to light levels at the different filling stages. Therefore, future investigations should be conducted to resolve the conflict between differences in yield and quality.

关 键 词：小麦 光照 蛋白质 淀粉 品质 产量和品质 光照强度 灌浆期 子粒蛋白质含量 谷蛋白大聚合体 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]