脑的可塑性研究及其对教育的启示  

A Study of the Plasticity of Human Brain and Enlightenment for Education

作　　者：王亚鹏[1] 董奇[2] 

机构地区：[1]教育部北京师范大学基础教育课程研究中心 [2]北京师范大学

出　　处：《教育研究》2005年第10期35-38,共4页Educational Research

基　　金：本研究得到国家攀登项目(项目号为:95-专-09)的资助。

摘　　要：大脑是一个复杂而动态的系统,受学习、训练以及各种经验等因素的影响,其结构和功能都会出现动态的修复或重组,也就是体现出所谓的可塑性。当前认知神经科学研究表明,在个体发展的生命全程中枢神经系统都具有一定的可塑性,如儿童大脑、成人大脑以及非正常人大脑均具有可塑性。由于在个体发展的不同阶段可塑性是动态变化的,而且不同脑区在不同时间其功能活性以及可塑性本身也不一样,所以,在制定相关的教育方案或干预措施时,必须综合考虑影响大脑可塑性的这些因素,加强教育的针对性和实效性,实现科学的保护脑、使用脑、开发脑;充分利用大脑的可塑性,重视早期教育;提供丰富而适宜的教育环境,全面开发大脑的潜能,促进大脑的整合式发展;全面了解影响大脑可塑性的因素,寻求大脑可塑性与教育的最佳结合点。Human brain is a dynamic system influenced by various experiences. The structure and functions of human brain are often in dynamic repair or reorganization, which is reflected as the so-called plasticity. The current studies in the field of cognitive neuroscience indicate that the central nervous system reflects certain plasticity in the whole life process of each individual human being. For example, the brains of children, adults and abnormal people are adaptable to certain extent. Such phenomenon of human brain＇s plasticity has important enlightenment to the practice of education and teaching. Namely, the plasticity of brain can be fully used in child education by providing different but appropriate educational environments for promoting the integrated development of the potentials of human brain. A comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing the plasticity of brain can help find the best combining point between the plasticity of brain and educational activities. The plasticity of each individual＇s brain is in dynamic change in different stages, and even the functions and plasticity of different sections of brain vary in different periods of time. While working out educational plans or interference measures, comprehensive considerations must be given to all the factors influencing the plasticity of brain for emphasizing the effectiveness and feasibility of educational activities and realizing the science-based protection, utilization and development of human brain.

关 键 词：脑科学 可塑性 认知神经科学 实效性 教育环境 早期教育 教育生物学 

分 类 号：G40[文化科学—教育学原理]