高中各年级动态眼屈光状况的横断面流行病学调查  

The cross-sectional study of dynamic refractive status of senior middle school students in urban school of Xi'an city

作　　者：石一宁[1] 赵宏英[1] 曹文静[1] 何萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国陕西省西安市中心医院眼科 西安市中心医院视光学研究所,710004

出　　处：《国际眼科杂志》2005年第5期1045-1048,共4页International Eye Science

基　　金：中国西安市科技局社会发展基金资助项目(No.SF200319)

摘　　要：目的:对在校中学生眼健康状况中的动态屈光基本情况进行横断面调查,为青少年眼保健提供基础资料。方法:采用前瞻性调查设计,对西安市城区重点中学2002/2004年度高中学生1385人2770眼动态屈光状态等指标进行采集,输入编辑的专项应用程序,用SPSS11.0软件行统计分析。结果:高中学生(年龄16～18岁)在正常动态情况下,近视眼的发病率为94%,其中41.7%的低度近视,40.0%的中度近视,12.3%的高度近视;正视眼仅占3.8%,尚有2.2%为远视眼;3个年级组各屈光构成比相比,高度近视、远视组在3a间基本稳定,而高三年级在低度近视组、正视组明显下降的同时,中度近视组明显升高。高中平均屈光度(-3.39±2.34)D,其中低度近视平均(-1.83±0.75)D,中度近视平均(-4.38±0.85)D,高度近视平均(-7.49±1.28)D。3个年级平均屈光度为:高一(-3.29±2.49)D,高二(-3.09±2.31)D,高三(-3.57±2.25)D,组间和总体均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。女生组平均屈光度(-3.46±2.35)D,大于男生组(-3.31±2.32)D(P=0.093);其他屈光度组间在性别中无显著性差异。眼别中右眼平均屈光度(-3.51±2.25)D大于左眼(-3.27±2.42)D(P=0.008)。女生右眼平均屈光度大于左眼(P=0.030)。远视组右眼平均屈光度小于左眼(P=0.004)。结论:高中学生屈光状态趋于平稳的同时,近视眼的构成比中在高三年级继续有低度近视向中度近视发展变化,致使高中总体屈光状态呈平缓近视化趋势;女生在近视化进展期早于男生,女生右眼在高中屈光近视化进展期早于左眼,应针对高中年级学生这一人群的用眼状态采取综合、简易的手段,对其近视度数进行医疗干预。AIM： To obtain the basic data of eyes＇ refractive status, especially the myopia prevalence rate of middle school students in Xi＇an city. METHODS： The cross-sectional study was conducted in the whole students of two middle school in Xi＇an city. The object ophthalmic examinations were done on all participants, including non-cycloplegic objective refraction, visual acuity, ocular pressure, fundus evaluation by special trained ophthalmologists and nurses. The specially designed inventory scale was filled in and input into special computer programme, then the data were statistically analyzed with SPSS11.0 software. RESULTS： In the 1 385 senior middle school students with average age of 16-18 years old, the prevalence rate of myopia was 94%, including low myopia 41.7%, moderate myopia 40.0%, high myopia 12.3%, emmetropia 3.8% and hypermetropia 2.2%. Among the 3 grades, the constituents of moderate myopia group were significantly increased with the growth of age. The average diopter of spherical equivalent refraction was （-3.39±2.34）D, in which, there were low myopia （-1.83±0.75）D, moderate myopia （-4.38±0.85）D and high myopia （-7.49±1.28）D. A- mong the 3 grades, the Grade One, （-3.29±2.49）D.the Grade Two, （-3.09±2.31）D and the Grade Three, （-3.57± 2.25）D, with significant differences （P〈0.01）. The degree of myopia in girls was （-3.46±2.35）D, and right eyes （-3. 51±2.25）D were significantly higher than that in boys （-3. 31±2.32）D （P=0.093） and left eyes （-3.27±2.42）D （P= 0.008）, respectively. CONCLUSION： The constituents and diopters of myopia were continuously increasing in senior students, meanwhile the girls＇ and the right eyes＇ progression are earlier than the boys＇ and the left eyes＇. It indicates that interventions of myopia progression performed at the stage may retard the myopia progression and reduce the prevalence of myopia.

关 键 词：高中学生 动态屈光状态 等效球镜 近视眼患病率 流行病学 横断面调查 高中学生 横断面调查 眼屈光 流行病学调查 中低度近视 显著性差异 中度近视 屈光状态 高度近视 

分 类 号：G637.9[文化科学—教育学]