中国水牛瘤胃纤毛虫分布与挥发性脂肪酸的研究  

Rumen Ciliate Protozoal Fauna and Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration of Buffalo in China

作　　者：桂荣[1] 赵青余[2] 那日苏[1] 张民[1] 杨炳壮[3] 黄峰[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院草原研究所,呼和浩特010010 [2]中国农业科学院畜牧研究所,北京100094 [3]中国农业科学院水牛研究所,南宁530001

出　　处：《畜牧兽医学报》2005年第12期1286-1291,共6页ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA

摘　　要：对中国广西西林水牛和摩拉水牛瘤胃纤毛虫种类分布进行了鉴定检测,并测定了其瘤胃液挥发性脂肪酸浓度,同时进行了比较研究。全部检出17属63种25型瘤胃纤毛虫,比以前进行的8种反刍动物瘤胃纤毛虫分布研究中出现的总数和每个宿主个体中出现的平均纤毛虫种数多,种类构成最复杂,其纤毛虫构成特点类似于东南亚地区水牛瘤胃纤毛虫构成特点。其中广西西林水牛中检出了Entodinium biconcavumsp n,是至今从未鉴定记载过的认为是新种的特殊种类。广西西林水牛检出13属54种20型、摩拉水牛检出16属45种11型瘤胃纤毛虫。广西西林水牛瘤胃纤毛虫平均密度为2.13×105/mL,摩拉水牛瘤胃纤毛虫密度为3.43×105/mL。中国水牛瘤胃纤毛虫属别构成中Entodinium属出现率最高,但两个水牛品种间存在明显差别,其他属别构成也不尽一致。这与不同品种原来的地理环境分布与饲养管理条件有关。广西西林水牛瘤胃总VFA浓度为75.60 mmol/mL,摩拉水牛的为58.74 mmol/mL。瘤胃总VFA含量中均为乙酸含量最高,属于典型的粗饲料发酵类型。Rumen ciliate species and composition were surveyed on Murrah Buffalo, and Xilin Buffalo, in Guangxi, China. The concentrations of volatile fatty acids of rumen fluid were detected. As a result of survey, 17 genera including 63 species with 25 formae were identified. Total number and average genus number of rumen ciliate in this survey were more than those in 8 ruminants which were studied long time ago. The composition of species was similar to that of buffalo rumen in Southeast Asia. A new species of the genus Entodinium was recognized from Xilin Buffalo, and then it was described as Entodinium biconcarum sp n. This new species was not detected before. 13 genera including 54 species with 20 formae, and 16 genera including 45 species with 11 formae were identified from Xilin Buffalo, Murrah Buffalo, respectively. The average ciliate density was estimated as 2.13×10^5/mL in Xilin Buffalo, 3.43×10^5/mL in Murrah Buffalo. The genus Entodinium was recognized with highest frequency of appearance in Xilin Buffalo and Murrah Buffalo tureen ciliate, but that of Xilin Buffalo was different from that of Murrah Buffalo. Other genera were not the same, which was related to buffalo kept in environment and feeding system. The total volatile fatty acids concentration of tureen fluid of Xilin Buffalo, and Murrah Buffalo were 75.60 mmol/L, and 58. 74 mmol/L respectively. The concentration of acetate acid of rumen fluid was highest among VFAs, suggesting that rumen fermentation was typical forage fermentation.

关 键 词：水牛 瘤胃 纤毛虫 挥发性脂肪酸 

分 类 号：S823.5[农业科学—畜牧学] S811.6[农业科学—畜牧兽医]