澜沧江(云南段)河道生态需水量计算  

Calculation of ecological water requirements for in-stream in the Lancang River,Yunnan Province,China

作　　者：胡波[1] 崔保山[1] 杨志峰[1] 王娟[1] 翟红娟[1] 姚敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京师范大学环境学院北京100875

出　　处：《生态学报》2006年第1期163-173,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划资助项目(2003CB415104);国家科技攻关西部专项资助项目(2002BA901A22-05)~~

摘　　要：综合分析澜沧江地理地貌、水文气象以及人类活动等现状特征,将澜沧江河道分为三区五段九大支流,并根据需水特征选取了上游旧州、中下游戛旧、下游允景洪3区作为研究区。在多年逐月实测径流量数据的基础上,通过运用生态现状的时空分析比较、数据资料的集中趋势以及离散程度分析等方法设定了河道生态需水等级系数;在通过对澜沧江径流量集中与离散程度分析的基础上,选择了频度法进行生态径流量的计算;综合河道生态需水等级系数与生态径流量进行澜沧江河道生态需水的计算,并对澜沧江汛期与非汛期河道生态需水量进行了分析计算。通过综合分析比较,结果显示澜沧江河道最小、适宜以及理想河道生态需水量分别为161·77×108m3、278·22×108m3、358·82×104m3,占澜沧江多年实测平均径流量(567·76×108m3)的28·49%、49·00%、63·20%,占澜沧江多年径流量(765×108m3)的21·15%、36·37%、46·90%。Since the mid-1980s, with the exploitation and operation of the ＂two dam and eight cascade＂ program, which takes Xiaowan dam and Nuozhadu dam as its core component, the ecosystem health of the Lancnag River has been seriously affected by the construction and the operation of those dams. And the ecological water requirements, the most important basis to maintain the ecological health of the Lancang River, have attracted most of our attention. According to our field investigation of the Lancang River and analysis of the data collected during the investigation, the ecological water requirement of the Lancang river mainly includes the following several respects： the basic flow which is used to maintain the basic form of river; the environmental （purifying） flow which Keeps water of the river in a good quality to maintain its basic function; the transporting sediment flow which is used to maintain and regulate water sediment balance and the ecological flow which is used to provide enough water in order to guarantee the survival of living beings in the river and their habitat. Considering the supporting information data, the oresent oaoer adoots the ecological runoff grade coefficient of ecological water requirements methods.Firstly, based on the investigation of hydrological, ecological and human activity condition of the Lancang River, this paperdivides the Lancang River into three regions, nine reaches and five branches, and the present study choose up reach （jiuzhou）, the middle reach （Gajiu） and the lower reach （Yunjinghong） as study targets.Secondly, Built on the annual measure runoff, the present paper uses the ecological characteristic comparison and statistical methods including variation and concentration analysis to calculate the grade coefficient of ecological water requirements in the three different regions of the Lancang River, and uses the frequency method to calculate the ecological runoff based on principle of low runoff with high frequency. At last, this paper calculates the ec

关 键 词：生态需水量 河道 实测径流量 需水系数 频度 澜沧江 纵向岭谷区 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]