西南纵向岭谷区河道生态需水计算方法  

Calculation methods of ecological water requirements for in-stream in the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region

作　　者：崔保山[1] 胡波[1] 杨志峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京师范大学环境学院北京100875

出　　处：《生态学报》2006年第1期174-185,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划资助项目(2003CB415104);国家科技攻关西部专项资助项目(2002BA901A22-05)~~

摘　　要：西南纵向岭谷区流域独特的地理地貌、气候气象、生态水文以及人文社会环境决定了河道生态需水计算的特殊性。时空尺度上的跨越性及梯度效应决定需要从时空以及频度尺度上进行河道生态需水量的界定,在进行区域生态特征分析的基础上提出了生态径流-需水系数综合计算河道生态需水量模型;基于河道生态特征、功能、结构以及社会环境与河道生态需水量间的相互关系,构建了河道生态需水评估指标体系,包含生态需水特征分析指标、需水影响要素分析指标以及需水趋势分析指标3部分,为进行河道生态需水计算提供定量计算与定性分析依据;根据河流水文情势的周期性变化,提出变异系数与生态特征指数综合设定河道生态需水等级系数的方法;考虑到水文情势的自然摆动,提出了生态径流量的频度计算方法;本文并以澜沧江为例就有关的过程进行说明。The Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region （LRGR） is the gorge located in north-south directed mountains and valley in southwest China. Unique geographical location and atmospheric circulation lead to stereo-effect and ＂Corridor-barrier＂ functions in this region. And the I^ngitudinal mountain-valley area in northwest YunNan is also the river source area of Yangtze, Lancang and Nujiang rivers, In this area, the special topography and geomorphy and the characteristics of the three river＇ s parallel running and the alternation of high mountains with deep valley bring about a stereo-effect of water resource. As a result of ＂Corridor-barrier＂ function, this area has three major characteristics： distinct influence of stereo-crossing effect; obviously cascade location of vegetation, water resources, climate and other characteristics; developed dry valleys and their fragile environments, and diverse ecosystems and their complicated patterns. In view of abundant biological and esthetic cultural diversities, this region is considered as the most important area of biological diversity projection and scientific research, and ecological changes in this region will influence Chinese trans-boundary ecological security and resource security.In recent years, with the exploitation and operation of the cascade hydropower station, the ecosystem health of the LANCNAGRiver of the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region has been seriously affected by the construction and the operation of those dams. And the ecological water requirements, the most important basis to maintain the ecological health of the Longitudinal Range-Gorge analysis of the collected data during the investigation, the ecological water requirement of the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region mainly includes the following several respects： the basic flow which is used to maintain the basic form of river; the environmental （purifying） flow which Keeps water of the river in a good quality to maintain its basic function; the transporting sediment flow which is used to ma

关 键 词：生态需水量 河道 需水系数 频度 纵向岭谷区 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]