从类到社会——论马克思对费尔巴哈的超越究竟在哪里?  

From Category to Society

作　　者：舒永生[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院哲学研究所,上海200235

出　　处：《安徽教育学院学报》2006年第1期6-10,共5页Journal of Anhui Institute of Education

摘　　要：费尔巴哈把类理解为人与人的关系,并以之作为人本主义的出发点,从而认为类本质正是在我与你的对话过程中实现自己。所以,费尔巴哈从类出发,就是从人与人的关系出发。马克思也是以人与人的关系作为哲学的出发点。但是,马克思认为,“人的本质是一切社会关系的总和”,人的本质不仅仅是人与人的现实关系,而且是人与自然的现实关系,人的活动本身就是以人与人的关系来对待人与自然的关系。所以,类是“哲学家眼中”的社会,社会则是类的现实化。Feuerbach views category as relations among people and the starting point of humanism so that he contends that the nature of category is realized by itself through dialogues between you and me. Therefore, Feuerbach＇s theory is based on category, relations among people. So is Carl Marx＇s philosophy. But Carl Marx thinks, ＂the nature of man is the totality of all social relations＂. According Marx＇s theory, the nature of man is not only the practical relation between man and man, but also that between man and nature. Human activities themselves are the relation between man and man to that between man and nature. In conclusion, category is a society ＂in the philosophers＇ eyes＂ and a society the reality of category.

关 键 词：费尔巴哈 马克思 类 社会 人的本质 

分 类 号：B516.36[哲学宗教—外国哲学]