文本阅读中情境模型建构和更新的机制  

Mechanism of Constructing and Updating Situation Models in Text-Reading

作　　者：王瑞明[1] 莫雷[1] 贾德梅[2] 冷英[1] 李利[1] 李小健[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学心理应用研究中心,广州510631 [2]新疆师范大学教育科学学院,乌鲁木齐830053

出　　处：《心理学报》2006年第1期30-40,共11页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30570616);广东省普通高校人文社会科学重点项目(04JDXMXL01);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(05JZD00034)资助

摘　　要：采用移动窗口阅读技术探讨了文本阅读中情境模型建构和更新的机制。实验材料按照特征描述与目标行为的关系总体上分为可能、不可能和重新可能三个版本。实验1主要探讨了文章开始部分有明显的焦点信息时情境模型建构和更新的机制,检验了更新追随假设的合理性;实验2主要探讨了文章开始部分没有明显的焦点信息时情境模型建构和更新的机制,检验了记忆基础文本加工理论的合理性;实验3使用再认探测任务,进一步检验了更新追随假设和记忆基础文本加工理论的差异。实验结果表明,文本阅读中情境模型的建构和更新是一个双加工过程,在自然阅读过程中,读者根据所阅读的信息不同会产生不同的信息加工活动,既会有记忆基础文本加工理论所支持的协调性整合,也会有建构主义的更新追随假设所支持的焦点整合。Moving window display technique was used to investigate the mechanism of constructing and updating situation models in text-reading. According to whether the characteristic elaboration was consistent with subsequent target action carried out by the protagonist, the experimental materials were divided into three categories： enablement, disablement and re-ablement version. In experiment 1, the mechanism of constructing and updating situation models in text with explicit goal information was investigated to support the here-and-now hypothesis. In experiment 2, the mechanism of constructing and updating situation models in text without explicit goal information was investigated to support the memory-based text processing view. In experiment 3, the difference between the here-and-now hypothesis and the memory-based text processing view was further investigated with probe tasks. The results indicated that the mechanism of constructing and updating situation models in text-reading was different with the changing of information. A processing theory of bi-mechanism for constructing and updating situation models is suggested, which proposes that the mechanism of constructing and updating situation models in normal reading includes both coordinating integration supported by the memory-based text processing view and goal-information integration supported by the here-and-now hypothesis.

关 键 词：情境模型 建构 更新 协调性整合 焦点整合 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]