高一新生考试焦虑现象的家庭和学校相关因素分析  

Family and school factors related test anxiety among senior high school students in grade one

作　　者：孟宪鹏[1] 刘金同[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心健康教育所,北京100011 [2]山东大学医学院精神卫生研究所,济南250014

出　　处：《中国健康教育》2006年第1期12-16,共5页Chinese Journal of Health Education

摘　　要：目的探讨高一新生中存在的考试焦虑现象的家庭和学校相关因素。方法应用考试焦虑量表(TAS)、家庭环境量表中文版(FES-CV)、父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU)和自拟学校相关情况调查表对山东省某中学高一年级538名学生进行调查。结果高一新生考试焦虑的检出率为65.20%。有考试焦虑者家庭环境量表的亲密度、情感表达因子分显著低于无考试焦虑者,而其矛盾性、成功性因子分显著高于无考试焦虑者(P<0.05)。有考试焦虑者父母养育方式评价量表的父亲过分干涉、父亲拒绝否认、父亲过度保护、母亲过分干涉过分保护、母亲拒绝否认、母亲惩罚严厉因子分非常显著高于无考试焦虑者,而其母亲情感温暖理解因子分非常显著低于无考试焦虑者(P<0.01)。有考试焦虑者在教师对成绩关注程度、学校学习环境、学习时间、师生关系、同学关系、教师教学能力、教师管理方面的构成比显著高于无考试焦虑者(P<0.05)。男女生与总体结果相似。结论高一新生考试焦虑与家庭环境、父母养育方式和所在学校的环境密切相关。Objective To explore the family and school related factors of test anxiety among senior high school students in grade one. Methods 538 senior high school students in grade one were investigated by Test Anxiety Scale （TAS）, Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version （FES-CV）, Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppforsan （EMBU） and school environment questionnaire made by ourselves in a senior high school in Shandong Province. Results The incidence rate of test anxiety among all the surveyed students was 65.20 % . The cohesion or expressiveness factor score of FES among students with test anxiety was lower than that of students without test anxiety, while the conflict or achievement orientation factor score in the two groups was on the contrary （P 〈0.05）. The parental excessive interference, excessive protection, rejection or renounce factor score or mother excessive punishraent factor score of EMBU in students with test anxiety was obviously higher than that of students without test anxiety, while the mother warm affection factor score was on the contrary （P 〈 0.01）. There were stastistic differences between students with and without test anxiety in the proportionof high degree of teachers＇ concern for students＇ academic record, teachers＇ strict management, teachers＇ low teaching ability, bad relationship between teachers and students, bad relationship between classmates, poor studying environment and long time of study （P 〈 0.05）. The results of the boys and girls were similar to those of the population. Conclusion Test anxiety among senior high school students in grade one is closely related to family environment, parental rearing patterns and school environment.

关 键 词：高中生 考试焦虑 家庭环境 父母养育方式 学校环境 

分 类 号：B844.2[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]