医师工作倦怠与职业紧张和应对资源的关系评价  

Occupational Stress and Job Burnout in Doctors

作　　者：朱伟[1] 王治明[1] 王绵珍[1] 兰亚佳[1] 吴思英[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西公共卫生学院劳动卫生学教研室

出　　处：《四川大学学报（医学版）》2006年第2期281-283,308,共4页Journal of Sichuan University(Medical Sciences)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号39970623)资助

摘　　要：目的探讨医师工作倦怠现状及职业紧张、应对资源对医师工作倦怠的影响。方法从3所省市级医院随机抽取561名各科临床医师,采用MBI-GS和OSI-R对其工作倦怠、职业紧张和应对资源进行测量。结果外科、内科医师的工作倦怠高于其他临床科室(P<0.05);30～40岁的医师衰竭得分最高(P<0.05);专业低效能感随年龄的增高而下降、随学历的增高而增高(P<0.05);职业紧张和应对资源的性质不同对医师工作倦怠的影响也不同,衰竭的主要预测变量有任务过重、责任感、工作环境、娱乐休闲和自我保健等(P<0.05),消极怠慢的主要预测变量有任务不适、任务过重和责任感等(P<0.05),专业低效能感的主要预测变量为任务不适、社会支持和理性处事等(P<0.05)。结论降低或保持适度的职业任务量、职业责任感,明确职工工作要求和工作中的角色与职责,丰富其业余生活、提高其自我保健能力与理性处事能力是预防医师工作倦怠的重要措施。Objective To investigate the status of job burnout in doctors and its relationship with occupational stress. Methods A total of 561 doctors from three provincial hospitals were randomly selected. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey （MBI-GS） was used to identify job burnout. The occupation stress inventory revised edition （OSI-R） was used to evaluate the level of occupational stress. Results Surgeon and doctors working in the internal medicine wards scored significantly higher in job burnout than their colleagues （P〈0. 05）. The 30-40 years of age group scored highest in exhaustion. The score of professional efficacy decreased with age and increased with educational levels. Role overload,responsibility, physical environment, reaction and self-care were major predictors for exhaustion. Role insufficiency, role overload and responsibility were major predictors for cynicism. Role insufficiency, social support and rational/cognitive were major predictors for professional efficacy. Conclusion Maintaining moderate professional duty and responsibility,clearly defining job requirements, enriching leisure activities, and improving self-care ability are important measures to preventing job burnout.

关 键 词：医师 工作倦怠 职业紧张 个体应对资源 

分 类 号：R131[医药卫生—劳动卫生] R395[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]