元语用分析调核提示预设命题成分  

Metapragmatic Analysis of Nucleus Status Indicating a Constituent Expressing a Presupposed Proposition

作　　者：余玲丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁波大学外国语学院,浙江宁波315211

出　　处：《外语教学》2006年第2期23-26,共4页Foreign Language Education

摘　　要：调核是提示信息焦点的一种重要手段。然而,在下列三种情况下调核提示的成分落在预设命题之中。叙实性谓词的补足部分是预设的事实,此时接受调核不是由预设命题所指的预设状态所决定的,而是由于调核成分所指处在焦点范畴之内,与整个大命题之间有着焦点关系;从属从句表达的内容通常为话语理解提供背景信息,是为听话者所知道的信息,一般无须接受调核。但有时调核却落在从属从句中是由于其所指虽可及但未激活的事实决定的;句子主语通常提供已知信息,此时接受调核时情况要复杂些:句子谓词语义空泛,句子主语满足了一个新的断言或不定主语提示元语焦点时均可接受调核。因此不能从命题是预设的或非预设的角度来看待调核的位置所在,调核的位置是受元语用意识的指导和调控。There is a general presumption that nucleus placement is a device in language for showing focus in information structures. However, this study concerns metapragmatic principles from three aspects which govern the placement of nucleus in presupposed propositions. A constituent expressing a presupposed proposition may carry a nucleus even if it is not in focus. The complements to factive verbs, generally assumed to be presupposed, does not render them unfocusable. The constituent expressing a presupposed proposition may carry a nucleus when the nucleus status of the constituent has a focus relation with matrix proposition. A subordinate clause usually provides background information to the comprehension of discourse. The content of the proposition is assumed to be known to the addressee, but the constituent expressing this proposition can carry a nucleus because this kind of nucleus status may signal the ratification of a recently activated or signal accessible referent. A subject can carry a nucleus when the predicate which invokes this nucleus pattern is semantically empty; a subject also can carry a nucleus when the referent of the nucleus status shows a new assertion and when an indefinite subject is interpreted contrastively which can be available in the context or can be inferred from it, the subject may carry a nucleus.

关 键 词：元语用分析 调核 预设 焦点 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]