从“头”认知——转喻、隐喻与一词多义现象研究  

Cognition from “Head”—— Research on Polysemy with Metonymy and Metaphor

作　　者：李瑛[1] 文旭[2] 

机构地区：[1]西华大学外国语学院,四川成都610039 [2]西南大学外国语学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《外语教学》2006年第3期1-5,共5页Foreign Language Education

基　　金：四川省教育厅重点研究课题(项目批准号:SA03-057);国家社科基金项目(项目批准号:03BYY017)阶段成果。

摘　　要：转喻和隐喻是词义延伸的两种主要方式。本文以英汉head(头)为语料,从认知转喻和隐喻的思维角度分析一词多义现象。研究发现:(1)隐喻在词义延伸中发挥的作用大于转喻;(2)在词义延伸中有两种思维结构:一是以邻近性关系为基础的“部分代整体”的转喻思维结构;另一个是以事物相似性为基础的隐喻性联想思维结构。转喻呈连锁状延伸,隐喻呈辐射状延伸。两种思维结构相互交叉,出现连续统的现象;(3)当词义从本义向转喻、隐喻方向延伸的时候,离本义越远,修辞性就越强;(4)英语和汉语在词义延伸过程中,认知思维部分相同。Metonymy and Metaphor are two major types of word meaning extension. This article is about the research on polysemy based on cognitive metonymy and metaphor by analysis of ＂Head＂ both in English and in Chinese. The findings are as follows. 1） Metaphor plays a more important role than metonymy in the extension of word meaning. 2） There are two ways of thinking in the extension of word meaning： metonymical thinking based on contiguity and metaphorical thinking based on similarity. Metonymy extends in chains, yet metaphor in radial. These two ways of thinking are llke points on a continuum. 3） when the the word meaning in extension is farther from the original mean ing, it is more figurative. 4） Parts of cognition are the same for Chinese and English.

关 键 词：多义词 认知转喻 认知隐喻 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]