亚洲象野外及圈养条件下食物成分分析  

NUTRITION COMPONENTS ANALYSIS OF FOOD FOR ASIAN ELEPHANTS IN WILD AND IN CAPTIVITY

作　　者：王丽红[1] 张立[1] 贺倩[2] 张金国[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学生命科学学院 [2]生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2006年第2期184-188,共5页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science)

基　　金：美国内政部鱼和野生动物管理局亚洲象保护基金资助项目(98210-2-G131);国际爱护动物基金会资助项目(010-600022028)

摘　　要：分析了采自云南思茅野生亚洲象在野外主要取食的37种野生植物材料,取自北京动物园象馆圈养亚洲象的5种植物饲料样品及1种颗粒饲料样品.用凯氏定氮法测定蛋白质质量分数,用乙醚浸提法测定粗脂肪质量分数,用酸碱水解法测定粗纤维质量分数,高温烘干至恒重法测定干物质的质量分数,煅烧法测灰分质量分数,以分析亚洲象主要食物成分,并对比圈养条件下亚洲象食物与野外食物营养成分的差别.研究发现:亚洲象的野生食物与动物园饲喂食物的主要营养成分没有显著性差异,但野生食物中的钙元素的质量分数普遍高于饲料食物.饲料食物中钙的含量不足可能是导致圈养亚洲象低血钙症的主要原因.Thirty seven wild plants as field food for Asian Elephants in Simao and five cultivated plant species as food for captive elephants in Beijing Zoo are collected and analyzed for their main nutritional components. The content percentage of protein, fat, fibre, dry material,ash compound and major microelement as calcium, kalium, zincum, sodium etc. of those elephant food are studied by standard methodology. The results indicate that there are no significant difference in nutrition components between wild food elephant taken in the field and forage provided to elephant in captivity, but the content of calcium in the zoo forage is below the average of those wild plants. It suggests that the increase of the calcium intake may solve the low plasma calcium diseases of elephants in captivity.

关 键 词：亚洲象 食物 常规营养成分 微量元素 

分 类 号：Q959.83[生物学—动物学] R151.3[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]