不同背景噪音干扰下的数字短时记忆研究  

A Study on the Short-term Memory of Numerals in Different Background Noises

作　　者：张乐[1] 梁宁建[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学心理学系,上海200062

出　　处：《心理科学》2006年第4期789-794,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：华东师范大学211子项目"认知过程和认知发展"

摘　　要：以三种类型(交通噪音、生活噪音、舒缓乐音)三种声级(40.7dBA、56.4dBA、73.3dBA)的环境噪音作为无关声音刺激,考察其对数字短时记忆广度和Sternberg任务的影响,发现:(1)背景噪音的不同对个体数字短时记忆广度影响没有显著差异;(2)背景噪音声级的不同对个体删除极端数值后正确反应的反应时及对“极错总比率”都有显著的影响;(3)对于删除极端数值后的正确反应来说,在不同背景噪音存在下,随着记忆集的增大,反应时仍然呈直线上升趋势。The present study provided an experimental test for the numeric short-term memory span task and the classical Sternberg reaction task in different background noise, namely traffic noise, common life noise, and slow music varied at three sound intensity levels （40.7, 56.4 and 73.3dBA）. The results were that （1） In different background noises, short-term memory span performance showed no significant difference; （2） in the Sternberg reaction task, the change of noise intensity produced different interference in the general reaction time performance and the whole percentage including outliers （extreme-reaction data） and errors （wrong-reaction data）; （3） in different background noises with the accretion of memory set, the reaction time of right-reaction that the outliers had been discarded exhibited a linear rising movement.

关 键 词：噪音 短时记忆 ISE(Irrelevant SOUND Effect 无关声音效应) 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学] TN912.3[哲学宗教—心理学]