汉字频率和构词数对非汉字圈学生汉字学习的影响  

The Effects of Frequency and Productivity on Character Learning by Elementary L2 Learners from Alphabetic Language Backgrounds

作　　者：江新[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学对外汉语研究中心,北京100083

出　　处：《心理学报》2006年第4期489-496,共8页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(00CYY003)。

摘　　要：探讨汉字频率和构词数对非汉字文化圈的留学生汉字学习效果的影响。实验要求被试对已学过的不同频率和构词数的汉字写出拼音并组词,结果显示,汉字频率对汉字学习效果有影响,而且频率效应的大小受笔画数的制约;实验未发现构词数对汉字学习效果的影响。研究结果表明,语言输入的频率是影响汉语习得的一个重要因素。Many previous studies have shown that frequency of language input played an important role in second language ac- quisition. Language learners are very sensitive to the frequencies of items and to co-occurent combinations in language in- put. High-frequency items are acquired earlier and better than low-frequency ones. Studies on Chinese character recogni- tion also showed that high-frequency characters are recognized more quickly than low-frequency ones. But few studies in- vestigate the frequency effects in Chinese as a second language because the frequency data of characters in a second lan- guage is not as easily available as in a first language. In the meanwhile, whetheI or not the productivity of a character （ i. e. the word formation ability of a character） has an effect on character learning is still an unresolved question. The present experiments investigated the effects of frequency and productivity of characters on character learning by elementary L2 students of Chinese as a second language from alphabetic language backgrounds. In Experiment 1,55 firstyear adult learners of Chinese as a second language from Beijing Language and Culture University were asked to write down the Pinyin and make words or phrases for 100 learned characters which were selected from their textbook and were different in frequency of occurring in the learner＇s textbook and stroke number. The percentage of correct number in Pinyin, meaning and that of both correct in Pinyin and meaning were calculated respectively and then were analyzed using ANOVAs. In Experiment 2, 35 participants were asked to write down the Pinyin and make words or ] aases for 64 learned characters which were selected from their textbook and were different in numbers of word formation. The results showed that the high-frequency characters were learned better than the low frequency ones and this effect was smaller for characters with more strokes than that with fewer strokes. But the effect of productivity for characters to forming words on subjects�

关 键 词：频率效应 字频 构词数 汉字学习 对外汉语教学 

分 类 号：H1[语言文字—汉语]