家长参与程度对预防和控制初中生吸烟的影响  

Effects of Parent Participation on Prevention and Control of Smoking among Secondary School Students

作　　者：文孝忠[1] 陈维清[1] 区永军[2] 梁彩花[1] 韩轲[1] 凌文华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学公共卫生学院医学统计与流行病学系,广东广州510080 [2]广州市黄埔区教育局,广东广州510700

出　　处：《中山大学学报（医学科学版）》2006年第4期F0002-F0002,479,480,F0003,共4页Journal of Sun Yat-Sen University:Medical Sciences

基　　金：中华医学基金会(CMB)资助项目(00-729)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨家长参与程度对初中生吸烟行为的作用。【方法】在广州黄埔区整群随机抽取6所中学,使用自填式问卷对初中学生和家长(2851套)进行横断面调查,以家长态度与行为共4个条目的量化总分将家长参与程度分成5个等级,再评价家长参与程度对初中生吸烟相关知-信-行的影响。【结果】2617套有效问卷中,家长参与程度Ⅰ￣Ⅴ级的构成比分别为1.9%、4.9%、13.4%、33.4%和46.4%。学生感受到的家长吸烟许可率,Ⅰ级为5.9%,Ⅱ级为1.6%,Ⅲ级为1.1%,Ⅳ级为0.6%,Ⅴ级为0.7%。各组学生的吸烟与健康知识水平无统计学意义的差别(P>0.05)。学生吸烟相关的正、负性态度得分和态度总分都随着家长参与程度的增加而升高。家长参与程度Ⅰ￣Ⅴ级的初中生不规律吸烟率分别为21.6%、16.5%、15.4%、13.5%和14.1%,规律吸烟率分别为11.8%、8.7%、4.3%、3.9%和3.5%,其发生率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而且家长参与程度与学生吸烟行为存在统计学意义的负相关(Spearmanr=-0.042,P=0.031)。【结论】家长参与能够对初中生吸烟相关的态度和行为产生直接或间接影响,应在青少年控烟中得到更多的重视。[Objective] To examine the effects of parent participation on adolescents＇ smoking behaviors. [Method] Six secondary schools were selected by cluster sampling in Huangpu District Guangzhou. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect smoking related data from 2851 students and their parents in a cross-sectional survey. Parent participation was categorized into five levels according to four quantified items including parents＇ attitudes and behaviors to their children＇s smoking. Effects of parent participation on smoking related knowledges, attitudes, behaviors of their children were evaluated. [Result] Totally 2617 valid questionnaires were used in final analysis. Among the respondents, the group with Ⅴ level of parent participation took the largest portion at 46.4%, followed by Ⅳ level at 33.4%, Ⅲ level at 13.4%, Ⅱ level at 4.9% and Ⅰ level had the smallest portion at 1.9%. The percentages of students＇ perceived smoking permission from their parents were 5.9%, 1.6%, 1.1%, 0.7%, and 0.6% in the groups of parent participation level Ⅰ to Ⅴ, respectively. The average scores of students＇ smoking-related knowledge were not significantly different among the five groups （P 〉0.05）. The mean scores of positive, negative, and overall attitudes related to smoking obviously increased with the levels of parent participation. The prevalence of irregular smoking were 21.6%, 16.5%, 15.4%, 13.5%, and 14.1%; and the prevalence of regular smoking were 11.8%, 8.7%, 4.3%, 3.9%, and 3.5% among students with different parent participation from level Ⅰ to Ⅴ respectively （P〈 0.05）. Parent participation was negatively associated with students＇ smoking （Spearman r=-0.042, P=0.031）. [Conclusion] Parent participation has substantially direct or indirect associations with smoking-related attitudes and behaviors of secondary school students. Parent participation should be highlighted in tobacco control among adolescents in future.

关 键 词：吸烟 青少年 家长参与 家庭 

分 类 号：R18[医药卫生—流行病学]