脑损伤和年老化研究的新视角——认知储备  

A New Perspective in Brain Damage and Aging Study——Cognitive Reserve

作　　者：刘兆敏[1] 罗良[2] 郭春彦[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学教育科学学院,北京100037 [2]北京师范大学发展心理研究所,北京100875

出　　处：《心理科学》2006年第5期1258-1262,共5页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30170322;30570603);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20040028001);国家攀登计划项目(95-专-09)

摘　　要：认知储备是个体通过使用不同的大脑网络使成绩最优化的能力,反映了个体认知策略的选择。它最初来自临床心理学的观察,即个体的脑病理或脑损伤的程度与其临床表现之间没有直接的相关关系,包括储备和补偿两种机制。个体的受教育程度、职业水平、智力水平、健康状况、智力活动等都能反映其认知储备能力。对老年人和AD患者的人口统计学和脑成像研究表明,个体的认知储备能力越强,延缓其认知老化(或AD)的可能性就越大。The idea of cognitive reserve is the ability to optimize or maximize performance through differential recruitment of brain networks, which perhaps reflects the use of alternate cognitive strategies. It stems from the repeated observation that there is no direct relationship between the degree of brain pathology or brain damage and the clinical manifestation of that damage. Education, occupation, intelligence, health, mental activity and so on can be used to measure the cognitive reserve. The demographic and imaging studies of the elderly and patients of Alzheimer＇ s disease suggest that the greater the cognitive reserve one has, the greater the probability of delaying cognitive decline or Alzheimer＇s disease.

关 键 词：认知储备 老年人 脑损伤 认知策略 认知老化 认知神经科学 年老化 

分 类 号：B842.1[哲学宗教—基础心理学] B844.4[哲学宗教—心理学]