自旋电子学研究与进展  

Recent progress in spintronics

作　　者：詹文山[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院物理研究所磁学国家重点实验室,北京100080

出　　处：《物理》2006年第10期811-817,共7页Physics

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(批准号:2001CB610600);国家自然科学基金(批准号:59731010)资助项目

摘　　要：自旋电子学是最近几年在凝聚态物理中发展起来的新学科分支,它研究在固体中自旋自由度的有效控制和操纵,在金属和半导体中自旋极化、自旋动力学、自旋极化的输运和自旋电子检测.由于它在信息存储方面的重大应用前景,受到学术界和工业界的高度重视.文章扼要地介绍了自旋电子学发展的历程和发展中的最重要的发现.最近几年,最奇特的发现和最重要的应用莫过于巨磁电阻,薄膜领域纳米技术的迅速发展使巨磁电阻的应用变成可能.作为磁记录头它已使硬磁盘的记录密度提高到170Gbit/in2.动态随机存储器MRAM的研究已实现16Mbit的存储密度.Spintronics is a new branch of condensed matter physics devoted to studies on the manipulation of the spin degree of freedom in solids. It involves spin polarization, spin dynamics, spin transport, and the detection of spin polarized electrons in metals and semiconductors. Spintronics has attracted great attention from scientists and manufacturers because of its potential application in information storage. A brief review of the development of spintronics and its most important discoveries will be given. The most exciting event in recent years may be the discovery of the giant magnetoresistance effect in metallic muhilayer films and the successful application of this effect to information storage. Based on this effect, the magnetic recording density has been increased to 170 Gbit/in^2. A magnetoresistive random access memory of 16 Mbit storage density has also been developed. These results clearly demonstrate the importance of spintronics for information technology.

关 键 词：自旋电子学 巨磁电阻 磁隧道结 自旋阀 

分 类 号：O471[理学—半导体物理]