基于海洋遥感的西北印度洋鸢乌贼渔场形成机制的初步分析  

A marine remote sensing-based preliminary analysis on the fishing ground of purple flying squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in the northwest Indian Ocean

作　　者：杨晓明[1] 陈新军[1] 周应祺[1] 田思泉[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海水产大学海洋学院,上海200090

出　　处：《水产学报》2006年第5期669-675,共7页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：上海市教委曙光计划"印度洋西北公海海域鸢乌贼的生物学研究"(05-11);农业部公海渔业资源探捕项目"印度洋鸢乌贼资源调查"(03-42);上海市捕捞学重点学科(T1101)

摘　　要：2003年9-11月中国鱿钓船对西北印度洋海域鸢乌贼渔场进行生产性探捕调查,发现在16°N、61°E附近海域存在中心渔场,平均日产达5t以上,但渔场10d后迅速消失。本文结合本次调查生产数据和卫星遥感资料对这一渔场进行了分析。渔场形成内在动力在于上升流的存在,它使深海缺氧、营养丰富的海水上涌到表层,上升流影响区域SST低,表层藻类的繁盛,海表面叶绿素-a(Chl-a)浓度值高。溶解氧缺乏,驱使鸢乌贼朝溶解氧比较丰富的区域即向SST高值和Chl-a低值的区域聚集,但鸢乌贼也有朝食物丰富区域即Chl-a高和SST低值区域觅食习性。鱼群易集中在SST梯度较大且Chl-a梯度较大的狭长区域。同时,当该海域附近上升流发生后,低压扰动有利于较大的SST梯度及Chl-a梯度的出现和维持,渔场海洋环境复杂,鱼群迅速聚集,形成中心渔场;而当低压扰动消失,风速增大,风向单一,渔场海洋环境单一均匀,鱼群会很快分散,中心渔场消失。A trip of production-possibility frontier on exploring purple flying squid （ Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis ） has been made by Chinese squid jigging fleet in the northwestern Indian Ocean during September and November in 2003. It aimed to estimate the resources biomass of squid and its distribution. During the investigation period, the main fishing ground was found in the waters near 16°N, 61°E, where the averaged catch per day was more than 5 tons. But the fishing ground disappeared suddenly 10 days later. The situation of fishing ground changing and disappearing have been discussed based on the marine environmental data from the trip and satellite data from website. The up-welling might occur in the area along the coast of Oman. The up-welling might bring the oxygenpoor seawater from deeper layer, which might result that fish gather in pockets of relative oxygen-rich water, at the same time fish tend to gather around areas where there is ample food, areas where there is high sea surface chlorophyll-a（Chl-a）） and lower sea surface temperature （SST）. The fishing ground had been found at the area with high SST and Chl-a gradient. From the surface winds direction and speed data, it is showed that the appearance of lower cyclone will change the SST and Chl-a distribution, and plays a very important role in the forming of squid fishing ground.

关 键 词：鸢乌贼 渔场 上升流 海洋遥感 西北印度洋 

分 类 号：S973.1[农业科学—捕捞与储运]