短跑途中跑支撑阶段支撑腿关节肌肉生物力学特性的研究  

A Biomechanics Analysis of Joint Muscular of the Ground Leg During Sprint Running

作　　者：施宝兴[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州体育学院田径教研室,广州510075

出　　处：《天津体育学院学报》2006年第6期495-499,共5页Journal of Tianjin University of Sport

摘　　要：采用测力、测角加速度和多机多分辨拍摄技术对短跑途中跑支撑阶段肌肉动力学特征进行关节内力矩的计算与分析。研究表明,运动员踝关节跖屈肌的最大力矩与跑的速度呈显著相关;膝关节的伸肌在接近一半的支撑时间内是做离心收缩,离心收缩肌力矩的峰值要高于向心收缩的肌力矩峰值,离地前20%时刻膝关节屈肌起重要作用;髋关节在支撑阶段存在关节屈伸肌群交替工作,在着地后瞬间有较大的屈肌力矩,在离地前髋关节伸肌起重要作用,支撑阶段下肢关节肌肉快速退让性的离心收缩与主动收缩起同样重要的作用。The aim of this study is to explore the joint net torques of the ground leg during sprint running in support phase, which measures GRF, angular acceleration, and technique of taking photographs with video in synchronized. The results showed that the maximum palntarflexion muscle moment of the ankle is correlation with the speed of running. The extensor muscles of the knee joint contract in eccentric in the half support phase. The maximum joint torque of knee in the eccentric contraction is higher than it in concentric contraction. Flexor muscles of the knee joint play a significant role in the late 20% support time. The muscles around hip joint of the support leg work by turns. After the moment of the foot landing, the net torque shows the muscle located in the front of the hip joint, which slows down the extensor of the hip joint, and the extensor of the hip joint plays a significant role before taking off the land. The ability of the eccentric and centric contraction plays same great importance in the ground leg.

关 键 词：短跑 途中跑 逆向动力学 净肌力矩 压心 

分 类 号：G804.63[文化科学—运动人体科学] G822.1[文化科学—体育学]