魏玛共和国政治教育思想述评  

The Review of the Thought of Political Education in Weimar Republic of Germany

作　　者：彭涛[1] 傅安洲[1] 李正汉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学比较德育研究所,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《中国地质大学学报（社会科学版）》2006年第6期90-94,共5页Journal of China University of Geosciences(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(06BKS034)

摘　　要：魏玛共和国是德国历史上政治教育制度化的最早时期。政治教育制度的制订吸纳了不同学者的进步思想。本文归纳了以李特、施普朗格和凯兴斯泰纳为代表的教育思想家的主要观点,从政治教育的目标和任务的角度,深入阐述了公民、政党、国家三者之间的关系;从政治教育的方法和途径的角度,提出了“为国家服务”和通过职业技能教育培养“国家有用的公民”等思想。这些思想符合魏玛政府巩固政权、缓和国内外局势、积极重建和发展国民经济的需要,受到当局的高度重视。因此,这些思想被吸纳到《魏玛宪法》中,赋予最高的法律地位。魏玛政府据此制订了比较完善的学校政治教育体系和制度,开创了德国历史上政治教育制度化的历史先河。同时,这些包含资产阶级民主进步观念的思想为当代德国民主政治教育的发展提供了理论基础。Weimar Republic of Germany was the earliest epoch with systematic political education in the history of Germany. The advanced thought of many scholars was assimilated in the system of political education. This article summed up the leading points of the educationalists with Theoder Litt （1880-1962）, Eduard Spranger （1882-1963） and Georg Kerschensteiner （1854-1932） as representatives. From the point of view of the target and assignment of political education, the paper analyzed the relationship among the citizen, the party and the nation; from that of the means and approach, it put forward some thoughts such as ＂serve the nation＂, ＂cultivate useful citizens for the nation＂ through the education of profession and craftsmanship and so on. These thoughts accorded with the demand of the Weimar government in consolidating the regime, relaxing the position at home and abroad, and rebuilding actively and developing the national economy. All this was highly regarded by the authorities. Therefore, these thoughts were absorbed in the Weimar Constitution with the supreme status. The Weimar government stipulated perfect system for the school political education and inaugurated a leading card with systematic political education in the history of Germany. Furthermore, these thoughts included advanced democratic conception of bourgeois and offered certain academic foundation for the development of the democratic political education in contemporary Germany.

关 键 词：魏玛共和国 政治教育思想 历史地位 

分 类 号：D751.69[政治法律—政治学]