汉语常用多义词在中介语语料库中的义项分布及偏误考察  

An investigation of the distribution of meaning items and errors of commonly used polysemes found in the Chinese Interlanguage Corpus

作　　者：李慧[1] 李华[1] 付娜[1] 何国锦[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学对外汉语研究中心

出　　处：《世界汉语教学》2007年第1期99-109,共11页Chinese Teaching in the World

基　　金：教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“基于中介语语料库的汉语词汇专题研究”(项目批准号:02JAZJD740006)的资助

摘　　要：本文基于“汉语中介语语料库”对118个常用多义词的义项分布进行了调查，并与现代汉语多义词义项频率对比，发现中介语中大部分多义词义项频率的等级序列与现代汉语基本相同。但由于留学生汉语水平、特殊的生活学习环境及写作内容等因素的影响，部分多义词的高频义项和（或）低频义项与现代汉语并不相合。本文还对中介语中多义词的错误用例进行了统计分析，发现多义词在不同义项上多呈现出特定的偏误倾向。因此，教学中应当注意区分与多义词义项相关的不同类别的偏误，以便有针对性地予以纠正和预防。118 commonly used polysemes are chosen from the Chinese Interlanguage Corpus developed by Beijing Language and Culture University and the distribution of their meaning items in both interlanguage and standard modern Chinese was studied. It is found that the meaning items of most of the polysemes have the same frequency. However, some high-frequency items and low-frequency items of some polysemes in interlanguage are not in accord with those in standard Chinese due to the limited Chinese level of the second language learners, the special study and living environment and content of writings. It is also found that there are certain tendencies for different items of a word by analyzing the usage of polysemes in interlanguage. To reduce errors, close attention should be paid to distinguish different type of errors related to the meaning items of polysemes in teaching.

关 键 词：多义词 义项 汉语中介语 偏误 

分 类 号：H195[语言文字—汉语]