嗜杀酵母的生物学功能及其应用  

Biological Properties and Utilization from Killer Yeasts

作　　者：王贵双[1] 张柏林[1] 梁学军[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院,北京100083 [2]北京龙辉酿酒有限公司,北京100039

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2006年第C00期100-105,共6页Biotechnology Bulletin

摘　　要：嗜杀酵母能够分泌毒素蛋白,杀死敏感酵母。嗜杀酵母对自身分泌的嗜杀毒素具有免疫力。嗜杀酵母的嗜杀特性与两种双链线状RNA(dsRNA)有关,即编码产生毒素蛋白的M-dsRNA和编码自身和M-dsRNA外壳蛋白的L-dsRNA。嗜杀毒素破坏细胞跨膜化学质子梯度,造成ATP和钾离子泄漏,导致细胞死亡。应用嗜杀酵母可避免野生型酵母污染,净化发酵体系,改善发酵产物品质;嗜杀毒素也可作为抵制病原酵母和类酵母微生物的抗真菌剂。Killer yeasts secrete protein toxins which are lethal to sensitive strains but are immune to their own toxins. Generally, the killer phenotype has been linked to the presence of a double stranded RNA （dsRNA）. M -dsRNA encodes the killer toxin synthesis, and L-dsRNA encodes the major virus - like particle capsid protein. Killer toxin acts on sensitive cells by disrupting the normal state of electrochemical ion gradients, and induced a leakage of ATP and potassium ions, which leads to cells death. The use of industrial killer strains as starters can prevent industrial fermentation from contaminating wild yeasts . The most fascinating applications is probably the possible use of selected killer yeasts as sources of novel antimycotic agents, active against pathogenic yeasts and yeast-like organisms.

关 键 词：嗜杀酵母 嗜杀毒素 嗜杀质粒 嗜杀机理 

分 类 号：Q935[生物学—微生物学]