货车旁承间隙对车辆动力学性能的影响  

Effect of Side Bearing Gap on the Dynamics Performance of Freight Vehicle

作　　者：阳光武[1] 肖守讷[1] 金鼎昌[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,四川成都610031

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2007年第2期71-75,共5页China Railway Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50323003);教育部创新团队研究计划项目(IRT0452)

摘　　要：对货车车体相对于摇枕的侧滚运动进行几何简化,导出上旁承下端面位于心盘旋转点之上、之下和上旁承下端面与心盘旋转点位于相同垂向位置时,旁承的垂向位移与车体重心相对于摇枕横向位移的几何关系。在车辆动力学模型中引入侧滚回复力矩和等效摩擦半径,并对心盘进行力学简化。运用多体系统分析方法对货车动力学性能进行仿真。结果表明:侧滚回复力矩可以有效抑制车体由于轨道激励而产生的相对摇枕的侧滚运动;过小或过大的旁承间隙会使车辆的动力学性能恶化。当车体重心横向偏移量小于心盘半径时,车体重力将产生阻止车体侧滚的回复力矩;反之,车体重力产生的力矩将加速车体的侧滚。过小的旁承间隙会使车体上旁承和摇枕下旁承频繁接触,对车体产生较大的冲击;而过大的旁承间隙又使旁承在侧滚回复力矩不足时不能有效抑制车体的侧滚。Roll movement of car-body in freight vehicle relative to bolster is simplified. Geometry relations between vertical displacement of side bearing and lateral displacement of gravity center of car-body relative to bolster are deduced when lower end plate of upper side bearing is higher, or lower than rotation point of center plate, or same as that respectively. Roll restoring moment and equivalent friction radius are introduced in vehicle dynamics model, and mechanics model of center plate is simplified. Dynamics performance of freight vehicle is simulated by multi-body system analysis method. Results indicate that roll restoring moment can efficiently restrain roll movement of car-body relative to bolster which caused by track excitation, and either smaller or larger side bearing gap will deteriorate dynamics performance of vehicle. When lateral offset of gravity center of car-body is less than the radius of center plate, gravity of car-body will result in restoring moment which prevents car-body from rolling. Contrariwise, gravity of car-body will speed up the rolling of car-body. If the side bearing gap is too small, it will make upper side bearing in carbody contact frequently with lower side bearing in bolster, which results in the impact to car-body. If the side bearing gap is too big, it will not restrain efficiently the rolling of car-body when roll restoring moment is not sufficient.

关 键 词：旁承间隙 货车 车辆动力学 侧滚回复力矩 

分 类 号：U272[机械工程—车辆工程]