4种委内瑞拉稠油乳化降黏特性实验研究  

Study on Viscosity Reduction of 4 Heavy Crude Oils of Venezuela through O/W Emulsification

作　　者：辛寅昌[1] 刘吉华[1] 许东彬[1] 侯尔群[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学化学院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《油田化学》2007年第1期24-29,共6页Oilfield Chemistry

摘　　要：研究了含水量不同的4种委内瑞拉稠油的乳化降黏特性。所用乳化剂代号WS-4,为复配以其他活性物质的双金属催化聚醚,配成设定浓度的水溶液,加量按O/W乳状液计为250 mg/L。4种O/W稠油乳状液的流变特性不同,其中稠油2393（30℃黏度10.50 Pa.s,密度0.896 g/cm^3,含胶质沥青质35.6%）的乳状液（真实油水体积比60.1∶39.9,水相中WS-4表观浓度628 mg/L）流变性能最佳,在恒定剪切速率下（3.4-34 s^-1）表观黏度随温度升高（30-70℃）先略有增大,以后大幅度下降,随剪切时间延长（0-120 min）先略有增大,以后趋于下降,在恒定温度下（30-70℃）表观黏度随剪切速率增大（3.4-34 s^-1）持续下降,测试过程中乳状液不发生反相,最高表观黏度不超过530 mPa·s。稠油J-20的乳状液有相似的流变特性。在显微镜下观察到这两种稠油乳状液中,乳化剂水溶液完全铺展在油滴表面,原油充分分散,显示近似双连续相结构。从润湿热力学角度讨论了乳化降黏机理,还讨论了液滴尺寸与液滴聚并的关系。图16表2参12。The viscosity reduction of 4 Venezuelaean heavy crude oils （HCOs） of different water cut by O/W emulsification is studied. The emulsifier used, WS-4, is a polyether synthesized by using a bimetallic catalyst and compounded with other active ingredients and is introduced into the oils in form of aqueous solution of designed concentration at dosage 250 mg per liter emulsion. Various rheologic behavior is observed for the 4 O/W emulsions and the most excellent-for O/W emulsion of HCO 2393 with viscosity 10.50 Pa＇s at 30℃, density 0. 896 g/cm^3, and resin-asphaltene content 35.6%. For this emulsion, having a real oil to water volume ratio 60.1 ： 39.9 and an apparent WS-4 concentration in aqueous phase 628 mg/L, the apparent viscosity at constant shear rate in range 3.4-34 1/s increases slightly at first and then decreases in some extent with increasing temperature from 30℃ at 70℃ and decreases slowly with increasing shearing time up to 120 minutes and, at constant temperature in range 30-70℃, decreases with increasing shear rate from 3.4 to 34 l/s, giving the highest values not exceeding 530 mPa＇s and demonstrating no phase inversion in the course of viscosity measuring. Similar rheologie behavior is observed for the O/W emulsion of HCO J-20. Microscopic observations show nearly double continueous phase structure of the 20/W emulsions, in which the oil phase is highly dispersed and all the aqueous emulsifier solution is spreaded over the surfaces of oil droplets. The HCO emulsifying/viscosity reducing mechanisms are discussed in terms of wetting thermodynamics and the droplet coalescence-in relation to droplet size.

关 键 词：稠油 乳化降黏 乳化剂 水包油(O/W)乳状液 流变特性 乳化特性 润湿热力学 微观结构 委内瑞拉稠油 

分 类 号：TE832.333[石油与天然气工程—油气储运工程] O648.23[理学—物理化学]