汉译佛经中增译的话题转移标记——以《妙法莲华经》的梵汉对勘为基础  

The added topic-shift markers in the Chinese translations of Buddhist scriptures: A Sanskrit-Chinese comparative analysis of Saddharmapunda■ka-s■tra

作　　者：姜南[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学中文系,博士生100871

出　　处：《中国语文》2007年第3期223-230,共8页Studies of the Chinese Language

摘　　要：本文通过对《妙法莲华经》进行梵汉对勘和异译比较,发现汉译佛经话题结构的一个特点,即不管梵文原典中有没有直接对应词,只要遇到话题转换,在译文的句首话题位置经常会添加诸如"尔时"、"今(者/日)"、"复次/次复"、"(复)有"等显性标记词,借以开启新话题,使得句子或子句之间原本隐含的界限更加明晰,因此为佛经翻译者所青睐,越来越成为一种有意识的自觉行为。而汉语作为话题优先语言,在遣词造句、布局谋篇时有使话题突出的内在要求。所以译经有意添加话题转移标记的倾向并未违反汉语自身结构的组织原则,反而突显了汉语的类型特征,加速了汉语句子话题化的进程,即向话语概念结构化语言迈进。Based on a Chinese-Sanskrit comparative analysis of Saddharmapunda■ka-s■tra and a compari- son among its different Chinese translations, this paper reports a structural feature of topics in the Chinese version of Buddhist scriptures. Topic markers such as ershi (尔时), jinzhe/jinri) (今者/今日), fuci/cifu (复次/次复), andfuyou/you (复有/有) were always added at the beginning of a sentence to initiate a new topic even though there was no counterpart in the original text, a practice increasingly favored by the translators because it made obvious boundary between sentences or claus- es. As a topic-prominent language, Chinese has an intrinsic demand for projecting the topic in dis- course. Adding topic-shift markers in the translations highlights the typological property of Chinese.

关 键 词：梵汉对勘 话题转移标记 类型对应 

分 类 号：H159[语言文字—汉语]