教学乃“为己之学”——教学行为的道德评判  

Teaching:Study for Enhancing Oneself——Moral Judgment in Teaching Behavior

作　　者：徐继存[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学教育科学学院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《教育理论与实践》2007年第5期49-53,共5页Theory and Practice of Education

基　　金：全国教育科学"十五"规划重点课题"教学文化建设的理论与实践研究"(DAA050047)的成果之一。

摘　　要：教师未必有德性,教学未必是德行,因而教学行为是需要道德评判的。教学行为的道德评判,就是对某种或某类教学行为在道德意义上做出肯定或否定的价值判断,从而把教学行为区分为善的或恶的、有利的或有害的、正义的或非正义的、合理的或不合理的等类型,通过对教学行为的赞许或谴责来干预教学生活,从而使教学走上人性化的道路,真正全面地丰富、涵养和提升人性。教学行为的道德评判应当在教学行为的全过程中进行全面和综合的分析,即看教师是否在既定的客观环境中做了他所应做的、他所能做的和他已做到的。通过教学并在教学过程中不断形塑和完美自身,通过形塑和完美自身不断形塑和完美学生,这两者不是敌对的、互相冲突的,而是一体化的过程。教学良心为教师的教学行为“立法”,规约和制导着教师的现实教学生活或实际教学行为的选择,所以教学行为的道德评判在某种程度上又是教师教学良心的自我评判。Teachers may not necessarily have the moral integrity and teaching practice may not necessarily contain moral conduct. Therefore, teaching behavior needs moral judgment which refers to the positive or negative value judgment of teaching behaviors in the moral sense. Teaching behaviors can be divided into the good or bad, beneficial or harmful, just or unjust, reasonable or unreasonable, and so on. Teaching can become humane by means of approving of or condemning teaching acts to intervene teachers＇ teaching life; thereby humanity will be truly and comprehensively enriched, cultivated and enhanced. Moral judgment in teaching behaviors should be analyzed comprehensively and synthetically in the entire course of teaching, that is to say, a careful and deep examination is needed, which contains whether the teachers do what they should do, what they can do, and what teachers have done in a certain situation. It is necessary and important for teachers to constantly mould and perfect themselves in the whole teaching process, which has a significant influence on students, as students can also be molded and perfected. These two aspects are integrated rather than hostile or contradictory. Teaching conscience setting up laws for teaching behaviors standardizes and guilds the real teaching life of teachers and their choices of practical teaching behaviors. To some extent, moral judgment in teaching behaviors is also a self-judgment of the teaching conscience of teachers.

关 键 词：教学行为 教学动机 教学效果 教学良心 

分 类 号：G42[文化科学—课程与教学论]