自然数码奇象记忆跟踪实验  

A Tracking Experiment on Natural Numeral Marvelous Imagery Memory

作　　者：王洪礼[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学教育科学学院教育心理与智能开发研究所,贵阳550001

出　　处：《心理科学》2007年第3期693-697,共5页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：贵州省(2005)优秀科技人才省长基金项目。

摘　　要：作者1985年创造自然数码奇象记忆“数序形象挂钩法”,用300位圆周率数字做了19年跟踪实验,结果与艾宾浩斯曲线大不相同:1、运用此法记忆顺序很强、数量很大、很难记住的材料,快速高效,能扫除前摄和倒摄干扰,能使识记很快通过短时记忆而快速顺利地进入长时记忆,能倒顺背诵和随点随背,在识记后开初遗忘极少极慢,在间隔5年内的12次检查中,遗忘很少很慢,保持率多次接近100%,在此后十四年内的六次检查中,依然出现遗忘很少很慢的显著效果。2、艾宾浩斯曲线应界定为机械记忆保持曲线和原本的机械记忆遗忘规律;作者19年保持曲线是自然数码奇象记忆保持曲线。3、33岁左右至52岁左右可能是奇象记忆能力较强且平稳的时期。The author,who created the Natural Numeral Imagery Memory （Method of Memorizing Concrete Objects Associated with the Shapes of Arabic Numerals to Produce Marvelous Imagination, MMOASAPMI） in 1985, made a nineteen-year tracking experiment using MMOASAPMI to memorize 300 digits of Pi. Its results were different from Ebhinghaus＇ retention curve. Firstly. This method made it fast and efficient to memorize materials which were strongly sequential, great in number and hard to commit to memory, and could get rid of the interference of proaetive inhibition and retroactive inhibition, and was fast and smooth for recognized materials to pass from the short-term memory into long-term memory, and could make it possible to recite materials in the forward or backward sequence and even at any random point. After memorization, the initial forgetting was very little and slow to come. In the 12 investigations within five years, the forgetting was so little and slow that the rate of memory retention was appoximate to 100 percent. The six inspections within 14 years yielded a significant result that still very little was forgotten. Secondly, Ebbinghaus＇ retention curve should be defined as a mechanical memory retention curve, and a forgetting law of original mechanical memory. The author＇s nineteen-year retention curve is of natural numeral precise imagery memory. Thirdly, the age between 33 and 52 could be a strong and steady period of imagery memory.

关 键 词：认知心理 奇象记忆 数序形象挂钩法 自然数码精致线索 认知深加工 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]