精神分裂症患者的社交技能训练小组活动方案  

Schema for social skill training of schizophrenic patients

作　　者：陶庆兰[1] 邓红[1] 张树森[1] 沈峰[1] 胡咏梅[1] 张倬秋[1] 申文武[1] 邱昌建[1] 耿婷[1] 朱燕[1] 刘善明[1] 吴嘉[1] 孙学礼[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西医院心理卫生中心,四川省成都市610041

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究与临床康复》2007年第30期5958-5961,共4页Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：国家"十五"科技攻关计划临床医学项目(2004BA720A22)~~

摘　　要：目的:通过社交技能训练让精神分裂症患者明确正确的沟通方式,锻炼自己的交谈能力,学会社会交往技巧,体会人与人之间的关系,学会分析解决社交过程中出现的问题,从而掌握社会交往的技能,防止或延缓发生严重的社会功能衰退。方法:选择早期精神分裂症患者(5年内),在住院治疗达到临床治愈出院后立即开始训练。活动以小组为单位(10人1组)进行,小组成员相对固定。前3个月每个月1次,以后每3个月1次,持续1年。活动过程中以游戏为主导,让组员在游戏中领会人际交往过程中的要领。具体训练方案包括6个方面:①训练一:语言表达能力,正确的沟通方式。②训练二:如何寻找帮助。③训练三:指导患者学习人际交往的基本技巧。④训练四:如何与人打交道。⑤训练五:合作。⑥训练六:社交问题的解决。结果:通过增加对社交时恐惧的暴露及社交技巧训练,对精神分裂症伴发社交恐惧症有效;但对精神分裂症意志活动减退所致社交时主动性不足效果较差。结论:对精神分裂症患者的社交训练应尽早进行,同时在设计精神分裂症社交训练时应加强对患者主动性不足的针对性。AIM： To help schizophrenic patients to loam the proper communication style, and exercise their ability of rapports, so as to realize the interpersonal relationship, loam how to solve social problems and prevent the decline of their social function through a social skill training process. METHODS： Schizophrenic patients with the course of disease less than five years ware selected and underwent training immediately after clinical healing. The training was conducted in groups with 10 people in one group. The therapy was conducted once a month in the first trimester, afterwards once a trimester throughout the rest of the whole year. The training process included variety of game exercises so as to let the patients realize the communicated principles during the process. There ware 6 aspects in the training： （1） Language expression and correct communication; （2） How to seek for help; （3） Instruct the patients to practice the basic techniques of interpersonal communication; （4） How to have dealings with people; （5） Cooperation; （6） Social problem solving. RESULTS： This training method focused on social skill training by exposure on social scene. And it was helpful for schizophrenia combined with social phobia, and less effectiveness for poor motivation. CONCLUSION： Social skill training should be conducted as early as possible in schizophrenic patients. Further study should be focused on developing new methods for poor motivation.

关 键 词：精神分裂症患者 社交技能训练 活动方案 语言表达能力 社交恐惧症 人际交往 交往技巧 社会交往 

分 类 号：R749.3[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]