同义词、近义词、易混淆词:从汉语到中介语的视角转移  

Synonymy,near-synonymy and confusable word:A perspective transformation from Chinese to interlanguage

作　　者：张博[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学对外汉语研究中心

出　　处：《世界汉语教学》2007年第3期98-107,共10页Chinese Teaching in the World

基　　金：教育部人文社科重点研究基地2002—2003年度重大项目(项目批准号:02JAZJD740006)资助

摘　　要：在汉语作为第二语言教学需求的驱动下，对外汉语教学界超越对同义词意义关系的传统关注，将词语辨析的范围扩大到广义的近义词，并在近义词的框架下进行易混淆词的辨析。本文认为，这种做法难免冲犯近义词的界限，并使大量易混淆词受“近义”的规约而被悬搁。因此，对外汉语教学中的词语辨析不宜固守“同义”“近义”这类汉语本体研究提供的标尺，应当转换视角，基于中介语词语偏误的现实更有针对性地进行易混淆词辨析。易混淆词存在于第二语言学习者目的语使用和理解两个层面，既表现为口头表达和写作中的词语混用，也表现为阅读和听辨中的词语误解。本文根据词语混淆的影响因素归纳了汉语中介语易混淆词的主要类型．并提出研究易混淆词需要注意的几个问题。Driven by the needs of teaching Chinese as a second language,the traditional research on the relationships of synonyms is expanded to those of near-synonyms in its broad sense and to the discrimination of confusable words in the framework of near-synonyms.It is argued,in this paper that this expansion would make the limits of near-synonyms blur and make lots of confusable words ignored because semantically they are not similar to each other.Therefore,the conventional principles of synonymy and near-synonymy should be given up and methods aimed at avoiding or reducing errors in interlanguage should be adopted in discriminating confusable words in teaching Chinese as a second language.Confusion occurs when a second language learner uses or understands Chinese both in speaking or writing as well as in reading or listening comprehension.According to the factors that may cause confusion,we categorize confusable words in Chinese interlanguage into several types and put forward several points which should be paid attention to in the study of confusable words.

关 键 词：同义词 近义词 易混淆词 词语辨析 

分 类 号：H195[语言文字—汉语]