“从习气中解放出来”——马一浮儒学的系统性格及其旨要  

"Liberating from Habits"——An Analysis of Ma Yifu's System Character of Confucianism and Its Main Thoughts

作　　者：罗义俊[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院历史研究所,上海200235

出　　处：《杭州师范学院学报（社会科学版）》2007年第4期1-9,共9页Journal of Hangzhou Teachers College(Humanities and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：马一浮一生以儒为宗,贞守儒家义理。接续圣贤血脉于垂绝是其儒学的整体性关注、以儒为宗思想的时代性表述,亦是他晚年萦绕不去的关怀。综会《六艺》于一心的本质性格、内容总纲,指示回向原典、回向生命以接续圣贤血脉的正路,以"去除习染"充实宋明儒"变化气质"核心课题的工夫论纲领,破习以见性,形成马一浮儒学的系统性格。配合着以儒释儒的诠释性格、经学形式与诠释语言的古典形式,所呈现的面相与立场,是一典型的传统主义,亦可权说为一原典主义。他特别强调去除习气(习染)的为学工夫,认为"从上圣贤,教人识取自性,从习气中解放出来"。他的习气概念概括了"气质之偏,物欲之蔽"而有七层涵义,且以私见之蔽或知见障为习气之深者。"变化气质之偏"则又是他讲及"变化气质"时的实际概念。他总判习气是心中之夷狄,埋没本性之具。他判"今人类只在习气中生活"。马先生为儒之狷者清者,不跟着举世风靡的习气走。他的传统主义的立场是对"举世风靡"的存在的超越,亦是对"举世风靡"超尘拔俗之"慧照内发"。马一浮儒学所透射出来的一个文化深意要义是人生不能建立在习气上,人类社会不能建立在习气上,世界不能建立在习气上。Ma Yifu dedicated himself to Confucianism and adhered to Confucian philosophy of yi （righteousness） and li （principle）. And his integrative focus on Confucianism was to follow and continue ＂the blood veins＂ of the sages and men of virtue, which reflected his attitude towards Confucianism and his concern in his later years. The nature of his character that integrated all scholarship into the learning of six classics, which he considered the content and core of Chinese learning, explains his position that returning to the classics and life and continuing ＂the blood veins＂ was the right approach by getting rid of the habits to ＂change the psyco-physical nature＂, as proposed in Song and Ming Confucianism. All these constituted Ma Yifu＇s system character.

关 键 词：接续圣贤血脉 回向原典 回向生命 习气(习染) 气质之偏 物欲之蔽 传统主义 

分 类 号：B261[哲学宗教—中国哲学]