儿童视觉搜索的速度-正确率平衡  

Speed-accuracy Trade-off Effect on Children's Visual Search

作　　者：刘彤冉[1] 施建农[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院心理研究所心理健康重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《中国临床心理学杂志》2007年第4期359-362,共4页Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30670716);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向性项目(KSCXZ-SW-211);北京市重点实验室-首都师范大学<学习与认知实验室>资助

摘　　要：目的:本研究采用新的统计方法处理速度-正确率平衡问题。方法:提出了"真实能力"和"使用策略"两个指标,而不采用传统的根据正确率的指标删除某些被试后再做统计的方法。结果:在儿童视觉搜索能力的发展中,对字母和汉字的真实搜索能力的发展存在这样的规律:搜索字母的真实能力从8到9岁有显著的提高,搜索汉字则从10到11岁有显著的提高,对数字的搜索则从7到12岁都有稳步的提高;而在搜索策略的使用方面:对于字母搜索的策略的显著提高出现在9到10岁的过渡,对数字搜索的策略在11到12岁有非常显著的提高。结论:新的统计方法支持了视觉搜索是以平行加工为主,部分存在序列加工的理论,而且其中的序列加工只和被试的策略有关,而与其真实能力无关。Objective： We created a new approach to study the effect of speed-accuracy trade-off phenomenon which made up some short comings of the classical approach. Methods： Two concepts of true ability and applying strategy have been used to solve the problem of children＇s visual search ability. Results： In the development of children＇s true ability of visual search, children got improvement during 8 to 9 years old on the search for alphabets, and the improvement for Chinese characters was during 10 to 11 years old. In the development of children＇s applying strategy, there were two important periods： from 9 to 10 years old on alphabet searching and from 11 to 12 years old on number searching. Conclusion： The new approach supports that visual search is mainly a parallel process, but a partly serial process, and the latter has a very close relationship with the application of strategy.

关 键 词：速度-正确率平衡 视觉搜索 儿童 认知能力 

分 类 号：B844.1[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]