近临界水中鱼蛋白水解及水解液脱色研究  

Study on fish proteins hydrolysis in subcritical water and hydrolysate decoloration

作　　者：程洪斌[1] 朱宪[1] 朱超[1] 朱宁[1] 胡治国[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海大学环境与化学工程学院,上海201800

出　　处：《化学工程》2007年第9期70-74,共5页Chemical Engineering(China)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50578901);上海市重点学科项目(T-105)

摘　　要：鱼类蛋白包括鱼肉及鱼类加工过程中产生的废弃物,文中采用近临界水技术,在反应温度180—320℃,反应压力5—26 MPa,反应时间5—60 min,无催化剂条件下将其制备成氨基酸,不但能提高附加值,而且有利于环境保护。实验结果发现,水解物含17种氨基酸,水解物中不同种类氨基酸的产率随反应温度、反应压力和反应时间的变化规律各不相同。对其中8种含量高、用途广、附加值高的氨基酸,分别得到了最佳水解工艺。以颗粒状活性炭为脱色剂,对水解液在不同pH值、活性炭用量、吸附温度和吸附时间条件下进行脱色实验,并考察脱色率和氨基酸损失率,结果表明,较好的脱色工艺条件为:pH=4.0,活性炭用量为0.020 g/mL,吸附温度45℃,吸附时间25 min,脱色率90%。被活性炭吸附的氨基酸,可以通过解吸附得到回收。Fish proteins include fish meat and wastes from fish treatment process. The hydrolysis technology for amino acids production from fish proteins in subcritical water without catalyst was investigated under the reaction conditions： 180-320 ℃, 5-26 MPa and 5-60 min. It is not only improving the value added but also friendly to environment. The results show that 17 kinds of amino acid are obtained in hydrolysate and the effects of temperature, pressure and time on amino acids yield are not the same for different kinds of amino acid. The selected 8 kinds of amino acid with higher content, high value added and wide use were investigated to obtain the optimum technology for the high yield. The decoloration experiments of hydrolysate by using activated carbon were conducted under the different condition of pH value, activated carbon quantity, adsorbed temperature and time. The experimental results indicate the optimum technology： pH 4. 0, activated carbon quantity 0. 20 g/mL, adsorbed temperature 45 ℃, adsorbed time 25 min. Under this condition, the decoloration rate 90%, and the amino acids adsorbed by activated carbon can be recovered by de-adsorbing operation.

关 键 词：近临界水 水解反应 氨基酸 鱼类蛋白 活性炭吸附 脱色 

分 类 号：TS201.21[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]