可利用资源波动对外来种入侵的抵抗性  

Resistance of available resource fluctuation to alien species invasion

作　　者：齐相贞[1] 林振山[1] 温腾[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省环境演变与生态建设重点实验室

出　　处：《生态学报》2007年第9期3835-3843,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40371108);江苏省研究生创新计划资助项目(1612005011)~~

摘　　要：生物入侵带来的生态和经济危害引起了人们的广泛关注。在入侵生态学研究方面,生物多样性与生物入侵之间的关系长久以来成为群落可入侵性探讨的焦点。Elton经典假说认为,物种多样性越高对外来种入侵的抵抗能力越强,许多模型或野外试验都支持这一假说。但现在越来越多的试验对此提出了异议,各种假说纷纷出现。究竟生物多样性会不会影响外来种的入侵?假设两种不同的群落结构(功能群),设计6种外来种入侵土著群落的情景分析不同多样性及相同多样性下外来种的入侵状况。结果发现,在多样性相同的情况下,两种群落对外来种入侵的抵抗力不同。外来种成功入侵等比群落,却被倍数群落排斥在系统之外。进一步分析表明这主要是由于可利用资源的波动引起的,即Davis提出的"资源机遇假说"。在相同的物种多样性下,由于倍数群落的特殊结构,整个群落所占有资源远远大于等比群落资源比率。因此,外来种在等比群落中更易找到合适的入侵机会。而在物种多样性不同的情况下,由于物种多样性与已占有资源的变化是成正比的,因此,混淆了多样性与剩余资源可利用性对外来种入侵的影响。Biological invasions have received considerable attention in recent years because of their increasing impacts on native ecosystems and economics. In invasion ecology, the relationship between biodiversity and exotic species invasion has long been hot spot of community invasibility. Ehon＇s classic hypothesis, supported by theory, experiment, and anecdotal evidence, suggests that an important determinant of invasion success is resident biodiversity. It considers that high diversity enhances community competition and makes them more difficult to be invaded. However, the observational results of recent experiments and models have led to many more questions about this hypothesis so that a variety of hypotheses are thus brought forward. Then what is the relationship between diversity and biological invasions？ In this paper, six scenes in two different communities are designed to test invasion mechanism under the two conditions of different biodiversity and the same biodiversity. The results show that the two communities respond differently to biological invasions in the scenes of the same diversity. The alien species could invade successfully the geometric community but is excluded out of the multiple community. That may be the resuh of available resources fluctuation, which consents to Resource Opportunity Hypothesis proposed by Davis. Under the conditions of the same biodiversity, due to the special structure of the multiple community, its resources＇ occupancy rate is far greater than that of the geometric community. Therefore, the geometric community is more likely to be invaded by non-native species. When the biodiversity is different, it is hard to tell whether the invasion of alien species is determined either by diversity or by remaining resources.

关 键 词：资源机遇 入侵 多样性抵抗 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]