从投掷问题到概率论的创立  

Study on the foundation of probability theory

作　　者：徐传胜[1] 曲安京[2] 李红伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]临沂师范学院数学系,山东临沂276001 [2]西北大学数学与科学史研究中心,陕西西安710069

出　　处：《纯粹数学与应用数学》2007年第4期453-457,共5页Pure and Applied Mathematics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(10771169);全国教育科学十五规划课题(BHA050023);山东十一五教育规划课题(115GG73)

摘　　要：点数问题的解决是概率论创立的标志.该问题最终由帕斯卡和费马圆满解决,正是这些新思想奠定了概率论基础.惠更斯的《论赌博中的计算》第一次把概率论建立在公理、命题和问题上而构成较完整的理论体系.Giving the solution about the problem of points symbolizes the foundation of probability theory. From submitting the problem to its solving, it Spent 200 years. After through many mathematics studied hard , Pascal and Fermat both solved the problem by combinatorial methods. Pascal also solved it by recursion. Fermat used what is called today a waiting-time argument to find the solution. The results lay a foundation for the development of probability. Huygens＇treatise is the first published work on probability theory. It won immediate recognition and became the standard text On probability theory for the next 50 years.

关 键 词：点数问题 概率论 数学期望 递推法 

分 类 号：O211[理学—概率论与数理统计]