扇贝的养殖环境及其体内的细菌学分析  

Bacteriological Study on the Scallops (Chlamys farreri and Argopecten irradians ) and their Culture Environment

作　　者：宋庆云[1] 罗挽涛[1] 王文兴[1] 薛清刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,青岛266003

出　　处：《黄渤海海洋》1997年第3期26-30,共5页Journal of Oceanography of Huanghai & Bohai Seas

基　　金：国家攀登计划B子课题!6-6-2

摘　　要：自1992年9月～1994年11月，对青岛胶州湾养殖的扇贝及环境中的细菌组成和某些生态学特性进行了调查。养殖区表层海水中异养菌和弧菌平均数各波动于（21．2～39．7）×102／cm3和（7．3～19．2）×102／cm3之间。其中1号和4号站位的菌数比其它越位都高，这和它们靠近码头，受到附近的排水污染有关。在扇贝的消化盲囊和性腺内也分离到异养菌和弧菌，分别为103～105个g和103～105个／g。这些细菌可能因扇贝遇到环境改变防御能力下降时，扩散到其它器官并大量繁殖，因而造成感染而死亡。从对分离菌的药物敏感试验结果看，近年一些菌株对原来敏感的药物产生了抗药性，如四环索和链霉素，今后在育苗过程中避免滥用抗菌药物是十分重要的。The composition and some ecological characteristics of heterotrophic bactoria isolated from cultured scallops (Chlamys farreri and Argopecten irradians ) and their culture environments in Jiaozhou Bay of Qingdao were investigated from Sep. 1992 to Nov. 1994. The number of heterotrophic bacteria and vibrios of surface sea water fluctuated mainly within (21. 2~ 39. 7) ×102 cells/cm3 and (7. 3~19. 2) ×102 cells/cm3 respectively. The bacterial numbers of stations 1 and 4 appeared higher than those of other stations, which was closely related with the draining sewage and other pollutants from the harbor and coastal area. The bacterial numbers of the digestive diverticula and gonads of scallops were also calculated, fluctuating from 103 to 106 cells per gram. The bacteria might get an opportunity to invade organs of scallops when their resistance against infection is reduced especially during the hatching period. The drug sensitivity test showed that in recent years some bacterial strains have become drug-fast to some antibiotics to which they are originally sensitive, such as tetracycline and streptomycin. There fore it is very important that abuse of antibiotics during seedling rearing should be avoided hereafter.

关 键 词：栉孔扇贝 海湾扇贝 养殖环境 细菌感染 扇贝 

分 类 号：S968.323[农业科学—水产养殖] S944.43[农业科学—水产科学]