注意控制和短时存储对音位流畅性和语义流畅性的影响  

The Impact of Attentional Control and Short-term Storage on Phonemic and Semantic Fluency

作　　者：陆爱桃[1,2] 张积家[1] 莫雷[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学心理应用研究中心、心理学系,广州510631 [2]香港中文大学心理学系,中国香港

出　　处：《心理学报》2008年第1期25-36,共12页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(05JZD00034);广东省自然科学基金团队项目(06200524)

摘　　要：工作记忆的中央执行系统具有注意控制和短时存储的功能。采用双任务范式,探讨了中央执行系统的注意控制和短时存储对言语流畅性的影响。实验1考察了中央执行系统的转换和抑制功能对音位流畅性和语义言语流畅性的影响。结果表明,中央执行系统的转换和抑制功能对两种言语流畅性的影响相当。实验2考察了中央执行系统的注意控制资源和短时存储资源对两种言语流畅性的影响。结果表明,语义流畅性更依赖于短时存储资源,音位流畅性更依赖于注意控制资源。研究还发现,被试完成语义流畅性任务的策略更易受概念系统的特性影响,完成音位流畅性任务的策略更易受语言的特点影响。在实验研究的基础上,作者提出了工作记忆影响言语流畅性的理论模型。Recently, Rende explored the role of set shifting in verbal fluency, which is a subfunction of the central executive system. However, the central executive system contains more than one subfunction, including inhibition. During the verbal fluency tasks, participants were required to produce words in a certain time period （one minute）; further, they were not permitted to repeat the words that they had just produced. Thus, it is reasonable that verbal fluency might employ the inhibition function. One of the aims of the present study is to explore the impact of short - term storage resource and attentional resource on verbal fluency. This was based on Engle＇s model, which proposed that working memory was equal to short - term storage plus attention controlling. Exp. 1 used set calculation and mouse operation （pasting a sentence in Microsoft Word） as the secondary tasks to explore the impact of the central executive system （shifting and inhibition） on verbal fluency. Forty undergraduates （20 women and 20 men） participated in this experiment. Of the total participants, half of them （10 women and 10 men） participated in set calculation task, while the other half joined in the mouse operation task. The oral speed of all participants was estimated. Subsequently, the participants were given a familiar topic, such as “my colege life,” and were required to talk on the subject for one minute. Moreover, they were required to assess their Chinese langtmge level based on a 5 - point scale. The scores of all participants were equal to or higher than 3. Those who had participated in the mouse operation secondary task were required to estimate their computer operation level. All of them had spent more than 2 hours per day on a computer and were familiar with mouse operation. We employed a two - factor within - subject design, 2 （phonemic and semantic fluency） × 2 （single - and dual - task conditions）, for this experiment. Exp. 2 employed （1） equation judgnent （demanding both storage and a

关 键 词：言语流畅性 音位流畅性 语义流畅性 工作记忆 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]