宏基因组学(Metagenomics)的研究现状和发展趋势  

Advances and perspectives of metagenomics

作　　者：贺纪正[1] 张丽梅[1] 沈菊培[1,2] 朱永官[1] 

机构地区：[1]城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2008年第2期209-218,共10页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No40571082,50621804);国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目(No2005CB121105)~~

摘　　要：随着分子生物学技术的快速发展及其在微生物生态学和环境微生物学研究中的广泛应用,促进了以环境中未培养微生物为研究对象的新兴学科——微生物环境基因组学(又叫宏基因组学、元基因组学,Metagenomics)的产生和快速发展.宏基因组学通过直接从环境样品中提取全部微生物的DNA,构建宏基因组文库,利用基因组学的研究策略研究环境样品所包含的全部微生物的遗传组成及其群落功能.在短短几年内,宏基因组学研究已渗透到各个领域,包括海洋、土壤、热液口、热泉、人体口腔及胃肠道等,并在医药、替代能源、环境修复、生物技术、农业、生物防御及伦理学等各方面显示了重要的价值.对宏基因组学的主要研究方法、热点内容及发展趋势进行了综述,建议在我国尽快启动有关宏基因组学的研究,从国家层面上开展联合攻关,拓展当前的研究领域,发展相关研究策略和技术,开展广泛的国际合作,使我国在宏基因组学研究领域占据有利地位.With the development of molecular biology and its application in micrubial ecology and environmental microbiology, a emerging field of metagenomics （environmental genomics or eeogenomics）, has been developed rapidly. Metagenomics, comprising extracting total community DNA, constructing genomic library, and analyzing library with similar strategies for functional genomics, provides a powerful tool to study the uncultured microorganisms in the complex environmental habitats. In recent years, metagenomics has been applied to many environmental samples, such as the oceans, soils, thermal vents, hot springs, and the human mouth and gastrointestinal tract, showing significant value in various areas including medicine, alternative energy, environmental remediation, biotechnology, agriculture, biodefense and forensics, This review summarized some major advances in metagenomics and called to promote the metagenomic research in China by listing it as a national research priority and supporting a cluster of projects through the national funding agencies such as the Natural Science Foundation of China.

关 键 词：环境基因组学 宏基因组学 基因组文库构建 文库筛选 研究前沿 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]