超临界CO_2萃取余甘子精油成分及精油抑菌活性  

Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil from Phyllanthus emblica L. by Supercritical CO_2 Extraction

作　　者：赵谋明[1] 刘晓丽[1] 崔春[1] 罗维[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学轻工与食品学院,广东广州510640

出　　处：《华南理工大学学报（自然科学版）》2007年第12期116-120,共5页Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：广州市科技攻关项目(2004Z1-E0061)

摘　　要：用超临界CO2萃取余甘子精油,采用琼脂平板抑菌法,以山梨酸钾为对照,对余甘子精油的抑菌作用进行了研究,并运用GC-MS法分析鉴定其化学成分.结果表明:超临界CO2萃取的余甘子精油对枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏杆菌、沙门氏菌,啤酒酵母、米曲霉等常见食品污染菌具有很好的抑制作用,其中20MPa压力下萃取的精油对枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、啤酒酵母、米曲霉及黑曲霉的抑制效果优于山梨酸钾;从20MPa压力萃取的精油中鉴定出30种化学成分,其中主要成分为β-波旁烯(38.23%)、二十六烷(17.2%)、麝香草酚(10.94%)、二十五烷(8.51%)、β-丁香烯(5.39%)、2,3-二羟基丙酸(4.36%)、十六烷酸(2.65%)及甲基丁香酚(1.25%),初步推断甲基丁香酚、β-丁香烯、β-波旁烯和麝香草酚为主要的抑菌成分.The essential oils of emblica fruit were extracted by means of supercritical CO2 extraction （ SFE）, and the antimicrobial activity of the product was investigated by using the agar dilution technique, with potassium sorbate as the control. Then, GC-MS was adopted to identify the composition of the product. The results show that （ 1 ） the extracted oils have a high antimicrobial activity against the original contaminating bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Saccgaromyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus oryzae; （2） Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Saccgaromyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger are more sensitive to the oils extracted at 20 MPa than to potassium sorbate; （3） there are thirty compounds in the oils extracted at 20 MPa, mainly including β-bourbonene （ 38.23% ）, hexacosane （ 17.2% ）, thymol （ 10. 94% ）, pentacosane （ 8.51% ）, β-caryophyllene （ 5.39% ）, 2,3-dihydroxypropanol （ 4. 36% ）, palmitic acid （2. 65% ） and methyl eugenol （1. 25% ）; and （4） the antimicrobial activity of the oils mainly results from the existence of methyl eugenol, β-caryophyllene, β-bourbonene and thymol.

关 键 词：余甘子 精油 超临界CO2萃取 成分 抑菌活性 

分 类 号：R284.3[医药卫生—中药学] TQ028.3[医药卫生—中医学]