吉林省209名聋校学生听力状况及病因学调查  

An Etiological Study on Hearing Loss of 209 Deaf Students in Jilin Province

作　　者：金慧[1] 张桂茹[1] 张宝林[1] 陈金霞[1] 孙乐[1] 王海茹[1] 王海涛[1] 王国良[2] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学第一医院耳鼻咽喉-头颈外科,吉林长春130021 [2]九台市人民医院

出　　处：《中国实验诊断学》2008年第3期387-389,共3页Chinese Journal of Laboratory Diagnosis

基　　金：吉林省科技厅资助;项目编号:20050405-3

摘　　要：目的探讨吉林省聋校学生听力损失的病因及听力状况。方法采用问卷调查、听力测试等方法,对吉林省209名聋校学生进行了调查。结果聋儿均为感音神经性聋,极度聋占70.8%,其中33.6%能用语言进行部分交流,65.8%完全不能用语言进行交流;重度聋占23.4%,其中10.2%能正常用语言进行交流,69.4%能用语言进行部分交流,20.4%完全不能用语言进行交流;中重度聋占5.7%,其中16.7%能正常用语言进行交流,83.3%能用语言进行部分交流,无完全不能用语言进行交流者。先天性聋儿中,遗传因素导致者占22%,母孕期因素导致者占3.0%。后天性聋儿中,应用耳毒性药物导致者占75.5%,遗传因素导致者占4.5%。结论吉林省聋校学生中,先天性耳聋致病首要因素为遗传因素,后天性耳聋致病首要因素为耳毒性药物的错误应用;聋儿语言能力随听力损失的增加而逐渐下降,对聋儿进行早期诊断、早期佩戴助听器、早期进行听力语言训练是使聋儿能够正常交流,融入主流社会的关键。Objective In order to study the etiology and the hearing status of the deaf students in Jilin province. Methods A total number of 209 deaf students in Jilin province were examined with audiometer and investigated through questionnaire. Results The defect of the students is generally sensorineural, most of them are nonsyndromic deafness, the degrees of deafness of 209 deaf students could be ascertained with 148 （70.8%） students of profound deafness,49（23.4%） students of severe deafness, 12（5.7%） students with moderate to severe deafness.Basing on the ability of speech and language,all the students of profound deafness had the disorder of speech and language, most of them （66.2 % ） can not speech at all, some （33.8 % ） can in part. 10.2 % students of severe deafness can speech nonnaUy,69.4% can in part,20.4% can not at all.The ability of the students with moderate to severe deafness is increased,most of them （83.3%） can speech in part,some （16.7%） can at all. Causing of 22% congenital deafness cases genetic factors ranked first etiologically,fallowed by natal factors as the causes of 3.0% of Aminoglycosides） ranked first etiologically, fallowed by epidemical factors. Conclusion Basing on the investigation genetic factors ranked first causing of congenital deafness cases etiologically, and ototoxic medicine ranked first causing of acquired deafness cases etiologically. Diagnosis, acousticon and language recovery in early stage played major roles of social communication of the students of deaf-mute school.

关 键 词：听力损失 病因学 

分 类 号：R764[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]