汉语阅读障碍儿童语言能力缺陷的初步探讨  

Deficiency in the Linguistic Capacity of Chinese Dyslexic Children

作　　者：郑淑慧[1] 黄旭[1] 静进[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学公共卫生学院妇幼卫生系,广州510080

出　　处：《中国心理卫生杂志》2007年第2期75-78,共4页Chinese Mental Health Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30470579)

摘　　要：目的:探讨汉语发育性阅读障碍儿童存在的语言能力缺陷。方法:采用学习困难儿童筛查量表(PRS)、韦氏智力测验(WISC-R)和儿童读写能力家长问卷,从广州市某小学8-12岁儿童中,筛查出13位发育性阅读障碍的儿童,按年龄、性别、年级1∶1匹配正常对照组,应用语音技能、快速命名和词形加工测验等对两组儿童的语言能力进行测试。结果:阅读障碍组在语音技能测验中的辨声母、辨韵母、语音合成三项测验的正确数均低于正常儿童(5.8±2.1/8.8±1.2,5.3±2.7/7.0±2.6,3.7±2.6/5.8±2.7,t=-4.696、-2.690、-0.555,P<0.05);快速命名测验的两项分测验-颜色和数字快速命名测验时间均长于正常儿童(37.9±8.6/28.0±4.5,19.5±2.7/15.6±3.7,t=4.348、3.048,P<0.05);而词形加工测验中,汉字命名测验成绩明显低于正常儿童(31.8±4.6/35.7±2.8,P<0.05),辨真假字两组的成绩无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:汉语阅读障碍儿童存在语音意识缺陷和快速命名缺陷等语言能力缺陷。Objective： To explore the language deficiency of Chinese children withh devclopmcntal dyslexia. Methods： Thirteen children with developmental dyslexia were screened by PRS, WISC-R and patriarchal questionnaires about children＇s reading and writing ability from children aged 8 -12 in a primary school in Gnangzhou. Thirteen non-dyslexic children with the same age, sex and grade were selected as the control group. Three trsts （phonological skill, naming speed and word form processing tests） were designed to investigate the lingnistie capaeity of Chinese dyslexic, children. Results： In phonological tests, children with developmental dyslexin had significantly lower scores in initial differentiating, final differentiating and sound blending subtests （5.8 ± 2. 1/8.8 ± 2, 5.3 ± 2. 7/7. 0± 2. 6, 3.7 ± 2. 6/5.8± 2.7, t = - 4. 696, - 2. 690, - 0. 555, P 〈 0. 05 ） . Thcv also bad significantly lower scores in color and number naming speed subtests （ 37.9 ± 8. 6/28. 0± 4. 5, 19. 5 ± 2. 7/15.6 ± 3.7, t = 4. 348, 3. 048, P 〈 0. 05 ） , which of naming speed test. The difference between the two groups in the character decision test was not significant （ P 〉 0. 05 ） ; while in the naming Chinese character test,the difference was significant （31.8 ±4. 6/35.7± 2. 8, P 〈 0. 05 ） . Conclusions： Chinese dyslexic children have deficiency in the liagnistie capacity of phonological awareness and naming speed ability.

关 键 词：汉语 阅读障碍 语音意识 病例对照研究 快速命名 词形加工 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]