基于固定参数的汽车与行人碰撞计算机模拟实验  

Automobile versus Pedestrian Accidents Analysis by Fixed-parameters Computer Simulation

作　　者：毛明远[1] 陈忆九[2] 刘宁国[2] 邹冬华[2] 刘军勇[3] 金先龙[3] 

机构地区：[1]苏州大学医学院,江苏苏州215123 [2]司法部司法鉴定科学技术研究所上海市法医学重点实验室,上海200063 [3]上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海200030

出　　处：《法医学杂志》2008年第2期105-109,共5页Journal of Forensic Medicine

基　　金：科技部科研院所社会公益研究专项资助项目(2004DIB2J046)

摘　　要：目的选定固定参数进行计算机模拟碰撞实验,分析不同车型、碰撞车速以及碰撞接触位置对事故过程及人体损伤情况的影响。方法基于多刚体动力学方法建立汽车(大客车、小客车、小轿车和货车)和人体模型,并按照不同碰撞车速(20、30、40、50和60km/h)和不同碰撞接触位置(行人正前方、侧方和正后方)进行模拟碰撞,分析碰撞运动过程以及生物力学响应情况(头部、颈部及下肢)。结果碰撞车型和碰撞接触位置一致的情况下碰撞过程相似(碰撞车速≤60km/h),头部加速度、上颈部轴向受力以及下肢轴向受力呈现一定的生物力学响应规律。结论基于多刚体动力学方法的模拟碰撞技术研究可再现事故过程中人体的生物力学响应规律。Objective Using computer simulation to analyze the effects of speed, type of automobile and impacted position on crash-course and injuries of pedestrians in automobile vs. pedestrian accidents. Methods Automobiles （bus, minibus, car and truck） and pedestrian models were constructed with multi-body dynamics com- puting method. The crashes were simulated at different impact speeds （20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 km/h） and differ- ent positions （front, lateral and rear of pedestrians）. Crash-courses and their biomechanical responses were studied. Results If the type of automobile and impact position were the same, the crash-courses were similar （impact speed ≤60 km/h）. There were some characteristics in the head acceleration, upper neck axial force and leg axial force. Conclusion Multi-body dynamics computer simulation of crash can be applied to analyze crash-course and injuries （head, neck and leg） of pedestrians.

关 键 词：生物力学 事故 交通 行人 交通工具 碰撞 损伤 

分 类 号：R-33[医药卫生] R338.27