金沙江干热河谷几种引进树种人工植被的生态学研究  

ECOLOGICAL STUDY ON SEVERAL MAN-MADE FORESTS OF INTRODUCED SPECIES IN JINSHAJIANG DRY-HOT VALLEY

作　　者：刘方炎[1] 李昆[1] 马姜明[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所,国家林业局元谋荒漠生态系统定位研究站,云南昆明650224 [2]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,北京100091

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2008年第3期468-474,共7页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD03A03);国家“十五”科技攻关项目(2004BA606A-07);国家科技部公益性课题(2000DIB50164)共同资助

摘　　要：采用标准木法和收获法,对金沙江元谋干热河谷几种引进树种的人工植被(即赤桉×新银合欢混交林、赤桉纯林、新银合欢纯林和印楝纯林)各层植被生物量与天然次生植被(坡柳-扭黄茅灌草丛)进行了比较研究,同时对各类植被的物种组成和物种多样性进行了比较分析。结果表明:(1)采用引进树种人工恢复的植被积累了大量生物质,总生物量大小依次为:赤桉×新银合欢混交林(44.91 t/hm^2)>新银合欢纯林(39.91 t/hm^2)>赤桉纯林(38.57 t/hm^2)>印楝纯林(13.06 t/hm^2)>天然次生林(9.35 t/hm^2)。人工恢复植被生物量主要集中在乔木层,天然次生植被生物量主要集中在灌木、草本和凋落物层。(2)人工恢复植被的物种数均少于天然次生植被,而且不同植被的物种数和物种组成也存在差异。(3)各植被的Shannon-wiener多样性指数和Margalef丰富度指数均表现为;印楝纯林>坡柳-扭黄茅灌草丛>赤桉纯林>赤桉×新银合欢混交林。在Alatato均匀度指数方面,各人工植被之间的差异不大,但人工植被与天然次生植被之间有显著差异。By means of the standard-timber and the harvesting methods, biomass of the vegetation in different layers of some man-made forests of introduced species including Ecucalyptus camaldulensisLeucaena leucocephala mixed forest,Ecucalyptus camaldulensis pure forest,Leucaena leucocephala pure forest,Azadirachta indica pure forest and natural secondary forest in the dry-hot valley of Jinshajiang River,Yuanmou County, was comparatively studied. Species composition and plant diversity between manmade forests of introduced species and natural secondary forest have been compared too. The results showed that： （1）Man-made forests of introduced species in comparison with the natural secondary forest have larger biomass,and general biomass in different forests revealed Ecucalyptus camaldulensis-Leucaena leucocephala mixed forest（44. 91 t/hm^2）〉Leucaena leucocephala pure forest（39.91 t/hm^2）〉Ecucalyptus camaldulensis pure forest（38.57 t/hm^2）〉Azadirachta indica pure forest（13.06 t/hm^2）〉natural secondary forest（9.35 t/hm^2）. Biomass in tree layers took up the most large parts of the man-made forests,and in natural secondary forest, shrub layer, herbaceous layer and litter layer were the main parts. （2）The number of species in man-made forest was fewer than in natural secondary forest, and it was different in the number of species and species composition in man-made forests. （3）The Shannon-wiener diversity indexes and Margalef evenness indexes in forests showed Azadirachta indica pure forest〉natural secondary forest〉 Ecucalyptus camaldulensis pure forest 〉 camaldulensis-Leucaena leucocephala mixed forest 〉 Leucaena leucocephala pure forest. There was no significant difference in Alatato evenness indexes among man-made forests, but it was different between man-made forests and natural secondary forest.

关 键 词：干热河谷 引进树种 植被恢复 物种多样性 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学] S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]