教育负担与清末乡村教育冲突  

Educational Burden and Rural Education Conflicts in the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：田正平[1] 陈胜[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学教育学系,浙江杭州310028

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2008年第3期142-149,共8页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学"十五"重点规划课题(Z05JY04)

摘　　要：教育冲突是清末乡村教育领域一种较为常见的现象。学界一般认为,教育经费增收造成的经济负担加重是乡村教育冲突产生的最重要原因。然而,从清末乡村教育负担的实际情况来看,新式教育给乡村社会造成的经济压力非常有限。教育经费之所以屡屡引发教育冲突事件,主要是由于清末乡村教育财政制度的不健全导致经费分摊中的实际不公平,地方绅士在经办教育经费过程中存在着严重的腐败现象,地方政府与官员在教育财政政策中缺位造成乡村教育与乡村社会之间缺乏必要的缓冲,以及这种新财政体制对传统农民的心理和日常生活所产生的强烈冲击等几个原因。因此,新式教育要想真正扎根于乡村社会,不仅需要双方都做出适当调适,也必须发挥其社会改造作用,促进乡村社会的现代转型。Education conflicts were widespread phenomena in the field of rural education during the late Qing Dynasty. It is generally believed by researchers that the heavy economic burden, caused by the increase of educational funds, contributed greatly to these conflicts. However, given the educational burden of rural education in the late Qing Dynasty, the new-style education exerted limited pressure on rural economy. The frequent conflicts caused by educational funds are due to the fact that inequality existed in the educational funds allocation because of unsound financial system for rural education during that period and that severe corruption prevailed in the local gentry＇s handling of education funds. On the other hand, the absence of local governments and officials in the making of financial policies for education led to a lack of buffer between rural education and society. This new financial system made a great impact on the farmers＇ state of mind as well as on their daily lives. Therefore, to get it rooted in rural society, both sides needed to make adjustments so that the role of new-style education which aimed at reforming the society to facilitate the transformation of the rural society, could be brought into full play.

关 键 词：乡村教育 教育冲突 乡村教育经费 新式教育 

分 类 号：K257[历史地理—历史学]