再入滑翔式飞行器弹道特征与乘波构型设计  

Trajectory Characteristics of Gliding Reentry Vehicle and Design of Waverider

作　　者：许少华[1] 侯中喜[1] 葛爱学[1] 陈小庆[1] 

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学航天与材料工程学院,长沙410073

出　　处：《导弹与航天运载技术》2008年第3期6-11,共6页Missiles and Space Vehicles

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(10302031)资助

摘　　要：再入滑翔式飞行器是一种新型的远程快速精确投送工具。研究了滑翔式飞行器与常规再入飞行器的弹道特征;分析了速度倾角和升阻比对射程、高度和飞行时间的影响;建立了滑翔式飞行器对高升阻比的设计需求;采用改进的遗传算法开展了锥导乘波构型的多目标优化设计研究;并通过数值模拟和风洞实验分析了优化外形的气动性能。研究表明,高升阻比是滑翔式飞行器实现远程、快速、精确打击和机动能力的重要决定因素,乘波构型是实现高升阻比气动布局的有效手段;考虑到实际应用,需要综合升阻比、容积率和容积等要求进行多目标优化设计。数值模拟和风洞实验表明优化设计外形具有较好气动性能。Waverider gliding reentry vehicle is a new type of tactics and stratagem deterring means as it has notable long-distance striking efficiency. Different from conventionality reentry aircraft, gliding aircraft can form peculiar glide/leap trajectory whose character is sensitive to the influence of lift-drag ratio character. A high lift-drag ratio is a significant factor for hypersonic gliding vehicle to realize long-distance, swift and precise striking and automotive ability. After the design demand analysis on high lift-drag ratio of hypersonic gliding vehicle, the cone-derived waverider is optimized multi-objectively. Numerical simulation and wind tunnel experiment methods are adopted to analyzed the aerodynamic efficiency of optimized shape. It can be concluded that aerodynamic shape with high lift-drag ratio is a necessary for realization of the advantage of gliding vehicle and waverider is an effective method to achieve high lift-drag aerodynamic shape. Considering practical application, as well as the lift-drag ratio, volumetric efficiency and volume, the improved multi-objective genetic algorithm can fulfill the design demands and the optimized shape has a better integrated effect. The numerical simulation result agrees well with experiment results. The research gives a reference to the design of new generation gliding reentry vehicle.

关 键 词：滑翔弹道 乘波构型 优化设计 气动性能 

分 类 号：V211.5[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]